Solar panel | Solar panel act as components that convert sunlight to electricity using solar cells. They are an environmentally friendly and renewable energy source, decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar heat collector is a system that collects sunlight to produce heat, typically used for hot water production or space heating applications. It effectively converts solar energy into thermal energy, decreasing reliance on conventional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar heat harnesses sunlight to generate heat, which can be used for water heating, indoor heating, or electricity production. It is a green and sustainable technology that reduces dependence on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a beautiful seaside town in West Sussex County, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a delightful blend of beaches with soft sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | The country of England is a historic and historic-influenced country in the UK known for its wealthy cultural legacy, notable attractions, and lively urban areas like the capital. It boasts a mixed scenery of gentle slopes, ancient castles, and bustling urban centers that mix tradition with modern developments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Sunlight is the organic illumination emitted by the star, essential for existence on Earth as it offers energy for photosynthesis and shapes climate and weather patterns. It also adds to our well-being by synchronizing our circadian rhythms and enhancing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electrical power is a type of power due to the flow of ions, primarily negatively charged particles. It fuels numerous devices and systems, supporting modern life and tech innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts solar radiation directly into power using photovoltaic panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a renewable power source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are tiny particles with a reversed electric charge that orbit the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions influence the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | Direct current is the single-direction stream of electric charge, typically produced by battteries, power sources, and photovoltaic cells. It provides a constant voltage or current, causing it crucial for electronic devices and low-voltage applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A power source is a unit that stores chemical energy and changes it into electric power to operate various digital equipment. It consists of multiple galvanic units, each containing positive and negative electrodes separated by an ionic solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | An solar power system converts solar radiation immediately into power using photovoltaic panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is an green power solution that minimizes reliance on non-renewable energy sources and promotes renewable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A photovoltaic inverter is a unit that transforms DC produced by solar panels into AC fit for home use and grid connection. It is vital for optimizing energy use and providing safe, dependable power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that reverses direction regularly, generally used in residential and industrial power supplies. It enables optimal transmission of electricity over long distances and is marked by its voltage and current waveforms, typically sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A power management device is a device that manages the voltage level and current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from excess charging and harm. It provides optimal energy flow and prolongs the lifespan of the battery system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measurement device is a device used to ascertain the size, volume, or degree of something accurately. It includes gadgets like scales, thermometers, and pressure gauges that provide precise readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a system that automatically its orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement across the day, enhancing energy absorption. This innovation enhances the efficiency of solar power systems by maintaining optimal sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Solar power plants are huge plants that harness sunlight to produce electricity using a multitude of solar panels. They offer a green and eco-friendly energy source, decreasing reliance on carbon-based fuels and decreasing carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Rooftop solar power involves setting up photovoltaic solar panels on roofs of buildings to produce electricity from sunlight. This green energy source helps cut down on reliance on non-renewable fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-integrated solar energy setup transforms sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a eco-friendly energy solution. It improves energy efficiency and reduces reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to benefit from potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, CH4, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar energy satellite is an spacecraft equipped with solar arrays that gather solar radiation and generate power. This electricity is then beamed to our planet for use as a clean, renewable power source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Residential energy storage solutions retain excess electricity generated from renewable energy or the grid for subsequent consumption, improving energy self-sufficiency and efficiency. These systems generally use batteries to offer backup power, lower energy expenses, and support grid reliability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The chronology of solar cells documents the progress and innovations in solar energy technology from the initial discovery of the solar effect to modern advanced photovoltaic modules. It highlights significant breakthroughs, including the creation of the original silicon solar cell in 1954 and continuous innovations that have greatly boosted energy conversion and economic viability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a French physicist by profession noted for his pioneering work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and glow. His experiments laid the groundwork for comprehending how light interacts with certain media to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a British electrical engineer and researcher known for finding out the photoconductivity of selenium in 1873. His research laid the foundation for the development of the photo-sensitive device and progress in early photographic and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an open-source framework used for automating web browsers, enabling testers to simulate user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and browsers, making it a versatile tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization of light reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was an American creator who created the initial working selenium solar cell in 1883. His innovative work laid the foundation for the contemporary photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | A coal-burning power plant generates electricity by combusting coal to produce vapor that drives turbines connected to generators. This process releases considerable amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with discovering the solar cell and advancing the understanding of semiconductor. His work laid the foundation for modern solar energy technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a renowned R&D organization traditionally associated with AT&T, known for groundbreaking innovations in communications, computer science, and materials science. It has been the origin of countless groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical with the symbol Si and 14, well known for its essential role in the fabrication of electronics and solar cells. It is a hard, brittle crystal material with a steel-gray sheen, predominantly employed as a electronic component in the electronic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A micro-inverter is a compact unit installed on each solar module to transform direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) at the location. This approach improves system performance, enables better performance monitoring, and improves energy yield in solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar cell is a component that transforms sunlight straight into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It is often used in solar arrays to offer a sustainable and sustainable energy resource. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system converts over sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a green energy technology that offers renewable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | An photon acts as a elementary particle which represents a unit of light and other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum without having rest mass. It plays a important role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, enabling phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The solar photoelectric effect is the mechanism by which specific substances transform sunlight immediately into electricity through the generation of electron-hole pairs. This effect is the core foundation behind solar cell technology, enabling the harnessing of solar energy for electricity production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electrical engineering is a thin slice of semiconductor material, usually silicon, used as the base for fabricating integrated circuits. It functions as the main platform where microprocessors are built through processes like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a highly pure form of silicon used primarily in the manufacturing of photovoltaic cells and electronic components due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its regular, systematic crystal lattice enables efficient electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin film solar cells are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their light, flexible design, and capacity for large-area manufacturing at a more affordable price. They use layers of semiconductor materials just several micrometers in thickness to transform sunlight into usable electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the constant forces exerted by the weight of building components and stationary equipment, while live loads are temporary forces such as occupants, furniture, and external influences. Both are important considerations in engineering design to guarantee safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits connect components in a line, so the same current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits link components across the identical voltage source, permitting several paths for current. These layouts influence the circuit's total resistance, current spread, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrical energy refers to the speed at which electrical energy flows by an electrical circuit, mainly utilized for powering devices and appliances. Created through various sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear, and renewable energy, and is essential for today's lifestyle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A watt is a measure of power in the metric system, indicating the speed of energy movement or transformation. It is equivalent to one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electric pressure difference between two points, which drives the stream of electric current in a circuit. It is measured in volts (V) and represents the work per individual charge available to shift electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A volt is the standard unit of voltage, potential difference, and electromotive force in the International System of Units. It measures the electric energy per coulomb between points in an electrical circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electrical current is the flow of electric charge through a conductor, usually measured in amperes. It is essential for supplying electronic equipment and facilitating the functioning of electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Ampere is the standard of electric current in the SI units, symbolized as A. It quantifies the flow of electrical charge through a circuit over a time span. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load is the term for the quantity of electrical power or current demanded by devices and electrical load in a circuit. It determines the design and size of power systems to guarantee reliable and efficient energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A junction box is an electrical enclosure used to securely contain wire connections, providing a core for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures structured and secure connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 plug is a standardized photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a secure and trustworthy manner. It features a click-in design with waterproof sealing, guaranteeing durability and effective electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power offers a easy and consistent method of delivering electrical energy to devices through common ports. It is commonly used for recharging and feeding a broad range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A power inverter is a instrument that changes direct current (DC) from supplies like accumulators or solar panels into alternating current (AC) suitable for household appliances. It allows the use of standard electrical devices in settings where only DC power is accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | An battery pack serves as a collection of multiple individual batteries designed to store and supply electrical energy for multiple devices. It provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar panel tracking solutions automatically regulate the position of photovoltaic panels to follow the sun’s path throughout the day, maximizing energy absorption. This system improves the effectiveness of solar power gathering by ensuring best panel orientation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a method used to enhance the power output of solar energy systems by constantly tuning the operating point to correspond to the peak power point of the photovoltaic modules. This methodology provides the highest efficiency energy harvesting, especially under changing weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | An power optimizer serves as a device used in solar energy systems to maximize energy output by individually optimizing the performance of each solar panel. It increases overall system efficiency by minimizing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A photovoltaic performance monitor is a tool that observes and evaluates the performance of solar panel systems in live, providing useful data on energy generation and system status. It helps enhance solar power output by identifying problems early and securing optimal output. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are lightweight, adaptable photovoltaic devices made by depositing slim layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a economical and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in multiple portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Sunlight-to-electricity converters convert sun rays directly into electricity through the solar energy conversion process, making them a renewable energy source. They are frequently used in solar panels to generate electricity for homes, devices, and entire solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a compound composed of countless minute silicon crystals, commonly used in photovoltaic panels and chip fabrication. Its production involves fusing and recrystallizing silicon to generate a pure, polycrystalline form suitable for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Mono silicon is a high-purity type of silicon with a continuous lattice arrangement, making it very effective for use in photovoltaic modules and electronics. Its consistent structure allows for enhanced charge movement, resulting in higher performance compared to different silicon varieties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics are a type of thin film solar method that offers a affordable and high-performance solution for massive solar energy production. They are known as their great absorption performance and comparatively affordable manufacturing fees compared to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CuInGaSe2 solar cells are flexible solar devices that employ a multi-layered compound of copper, In, Ga, and selenium to turn sunlight into energy efficiently. They are noted for their excellent absorption effectiveness, flexibility, and capability for compact, economical solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous form of silicon is a amorphous molecular structure, making it easier to handle and simpler to apply than crystalline silicon. It is often used in thin-film solar cells and electronic devices due to its economic advantage and flexible features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Third-generation photovoltaic panels aim to outperform traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing advanced materials and new techniques such as multi-junction stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on enhancing energy conversion, lowering costs, and expanding applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-structured solar cells are innovative photovoltaic modules that use several p-n connections layered in unison to absorb a wider range of the solar spectrum, greatly enhancing their efficiency. These are mainly employed in space satellites and high-performance solar power systems due to their outstanding energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Solar panels on spacecraft serve as crucial elements that generate sunlight into electrical energy to power onboard systems. Generally lightweight, long-lasting, and crafted to function effectively in the extreme space conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are materials composed of several elements, typically involving a metal and a non-metallic component, used in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer better performance in applications such as laser devices, LEDs, and high-speed transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound-based semiconductor known for its high electron mobility and effectiveness in RF and optoelectronic applications. It is often used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV utilize optics or reflectors to focus sunlight onto very efficient multi-layer solar cells, significantly increasing energy conversion efficiency. This technique is ideal for large capacity solar power plants in regions with clear sunlight, providing a cost-effective solution for high-demand energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Flexible silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its slim and bendable form factor. It offers a affordable alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in BIPV and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a thin film of CIGS compound as the light-absorbing layer, known for excellent energy conversion and adaptability. They offer a lightweight, economical alternative to conventional silicon PV modules with great output in different weather scenarios. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film refers to a delicate layer of material, often measured in nm or micrometers, used in diverse technological uses. These layers are crucial in electronics, light manipulation, and coverings for their special physical and chemical characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Building-mounted solar PV systems harness the sun's rays to generate electricity directly on building rooftops, providing a sustainable and cost-effective energy solution. They help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to green initiatives. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A layer of material is a stratum of substance spanning a few nanometers to a few microns in dimension, often placed on surfaces for purposeful functions. These coatings are used in multiple sectors, including electronic devices, optics, and medical applications, to modify surface characteristics or create specific device functionalities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nanometers are units of measurement equivalent to one-billionth of a meter, frequently used to illustrate minuscule distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are essential in areas such as nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for measuring structures and particles at the nanoscale. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Calipers are high-precision gauges used to exactly measure minute thicknesses or depths, commonly in mechanical engineering and manufacturing. They feature a adjusted screw device that allows for precise readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon substrate is a narrow, ring-shaped slice of silicon crystal used as the base for constructing semiconductor devices. It functions as the core material in the fabrication of integrated circuits and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are thin-film solar modules recognized for their high efficiency and bendability, ideal for multiple fields. They utilize a multilayer semiconductor structure that transforms sunlight immediately into electricity with outstanding effectiveness in low-light settings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon is a form of silicon used in photovoltaic panels, characterized by its many crystal grains that give it a mottled appearance. It is noted for being affordable and having a relatively high efficiency in transforming sunlight into power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar power setups convert sunlight directly into power using photovoltaic cells, providing a sustainable energy source for household, commercial, and large-scale applications. They deliver a eco-friendly, sustainable, and economical way to decrease reliance on non-renewable energy sources and decrease greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a light-to-electricity device that converts sunlight into electrical energy using a photosensitive dye to capture light and produce electron flow. It offers a cost-effective and versatile alternative to standard silicon-based solar cells, with potential for clear and thin applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanosized semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and energy conversion through quantum confinement effects. This technology offers the potential for lower-cost, adaptable, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic PV cells are photoelectric devices that employ organic materials, to convert sun's energy into electric power. They are compact, pliable, and enable more affordable, broad solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide is a promising electronic material used in laminate solar panels due to its abundant and safe elements. Its superior optoelectronic properties make it an appealing alternative for green photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) seamlessly incorporate solar energy technology into the design of architectural elements, such as roofing, outer walls, and windows. This modern approach enhances energy performance while maintaining design elegance and structural performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to pass through a material with little distortion, allowing objects behind to be seen clearly. Translucency permits light to spread through, hiding detailed view but still allowing shapes and light to penetrate. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window tinting involves applying a thin film to the inside or outside of vehicle or building panes to cut down on glare, heat, and UV rays. It boosts privacy, improves energy efficiency, and gives a modern aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A catalog of PV power stations details various extensive solar energy facilities around the world, showcasing their capacities and sites. These plants play a crucial role in green energy production and global efforts to reduce carbon releases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic energy plants are extensive facilities that transform sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels. They are essential in clean energy production, reducing reliance on non-renewable energy sources, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Eco concerns encompass a wide range of problems such as pollution, climate change, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires joint initiatives to promote eco-friendly methods and protect wild habitats. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Sustainable power comes from environmentally friendly sources that are renewably replenished, such as solar radiation, breezes, and hydropower. It offers a eco-friendly alternative to fossil fuels, reducing ecological footprint and supporting lasting energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Fossil fuels, such as coal, petroleum, and fossil gas, are non-replenishable supplies formed over millions of years and are consumed when used. They are the chief power sources for power production and mobility but pose environmental and long-term viability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Electricity generation involves converting various energy sources such as carbon-based fuels, nuclear energy, and sustainable resources into electrical energy. This process usually takes place in electricity plants where turbines, alternators, and generators work together to produce electric current for power distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are thick, harmful elements such as lead, mercury, Cd, and arsenic that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Solar-cell efficiency assesses how efficiently a solar cell transforms sunlight into convertible electricity. Boosting this Solar-cell efficiency is key for optimizing renewable energy generation and reducing reliance on coal and oil. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when radiation shining on a metallic surface ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle properties of light. This occurrence provided key evidence for the development of quantum physics by showing that photon energy is discrete. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Accelerated life testing involves placing products to higher-than-normal stresses to speedily determine their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps identify potential failures and improve product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The expansion of solar panels has quickened rapidly over the past ten years, driven by innovations and cost reductions. This growth is changing the world energy sector by boosting the portion of clean solar power in power production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar relates to large solar power installations intended to generate electricity on a industrial scale, supplying power directly to the grid. These projects typically cover vast areas and utilize photovoltaic panels or solar thermal systems to produce renewable energy cost-effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A lens is a clear device that bends light to bring together or separate rays, creating images. It is commonly used in instruments like photographic devices, glasses, and microscopes to control light for enhanced vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the angle between an approaching light ray and the perpendicular line orthogonal to the surface at the contact point. It determines how light behaves with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a thin layer applied to optical surfaces to cut down on glare and improve light transmission. It boosts the clarity and luminosity of optical devices by minimizing unwanted reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Destructive interference occurs when a pair of waves meet in such a way that their amplitude levels counteract each other, causing a diminution or complete elimination of the resultant wave. This occurrence generally happens when the waveforms are out of phase by half a cycle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | AC refers to an electric current that periodically reverses, commonly employed in electrical distribution networks. Its voltage varies in a sinusoidal pattern as time progresses, allowing efficient transmission across extensive ranges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A microinverter is a compact device used to change DC from a individual solar panel into AC suitable for household use. It improves system efficiency by optimizing energy production at the module level and simplifies installation and maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | AC electrical energy, or AC electrical energy, is electricity delivered through a system where the potential difference and electric flow cyclically reverse orientation, enabling cost-effective transmission over vast spans. It is frequently used in residences and commercial sectors to operate different appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A direct current connector is a category of electrical plug used to deliver direct current (DC) power from a power source to an electronic equipment. It usually consists of a cylindrical plug and jack that provide a reliable and dependable attachment for various electronic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Laboratories is a worldwide safety certification organization that evaluates and certifies products to ensure they comply with specific protection standards. It assists consumers and firms identify trustworthy and secure products through thorough assessment and testing methods. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series circuits are electronic networks in which parts are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current flow. In this arrangement, the identical current passes through all components, and the sum voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electrical circuits where elements are connected across the same voltage source, offering multiple routes for current flow. This setup allows units to operate autonomously, with the total current split among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | An diode acts as a semiconductor device that allows current to flow in a single way only, acting as a single-direction valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in circuit networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An car auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12-volt, created to provide electrical power for various devices and add-ons inside of a vehicle. It allows users to power electronic electronics or run small devices during on the move. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a protocol for connecting devices to PCs, allowing data transmission and power delivery. It supports a broad spectrum of devices such as keypads, mouses, external drives, and cell phones, with various revisions offering higher speeds and upgraded functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency refers to the ratio of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into electrical energy. Boosting this efficiency plays a key role in optimizing energy generation and making solar power more cost-effective and sustainable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. Department of Energy federal research facility dedicated to R&D in renewable energy and energy conservation technologies. It aims to advance innovations in solar, wind, bioenergy, and other sustainable energy sources to support a sustainable energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses the entire range of electromagnetic waves, spanning from wireless signals to high-energy photons, each with diverse lengths and power. This band is essential for numerous technological applications and natural events, enabling data exchange, medical imaging, and understanding of the outer space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than visible light but longer than X ray radiation, primarily produced by the sun. It serves a key role in processes like vitamin D synthesis but can also cause skin damage and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a category of electromagnetic wave with longer wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Single-hued refers to a color palette based on variations of a sole hue, using diverse shades, tints, and tones to create harmony and accord. This design approach emphasizes minimalism and elegance by maintaining consistent color elements throughout a composition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Radiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, generally measured in watts/m². It is a key parameter in fields such as solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, showing the intensity of sunlight hitting a given area. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | watts per square meter is a measurement unit used to calculate the magnitude of radiation or energy flow received or emitted over a defined area, commonly in fields like meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It aids in grasping the spread and movement of radiation across regions, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the range of various colors or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, visible or otherwise. It is commonly used to describe the spread of light or signal bandwidths in multiple scientific and technological contexts. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An air mass is a big volume of air with relatively even temperature and dampness properties, originating from certain starting regions. These air masses affect weather systems and sky states as they move across diverse zones. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Sun's energy output is the assessment of the intensity per square kilometer received from the solar source in the manner of light. It fluctuates with solar cycles and atmospheric factors on Earth, impacting global climate and local weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Contamination in solar power refers to the buildup of dust, and impurities on the surface of solar arrays, which reduces their output. Regular cleaning and care are necessary to limit energy waste and maintain maximum efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage available from a power source when no current is flowing, spanning its terminals. It shows the potential difference of a device when it is unplugged from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current represents the peak electrical current that flows through a circuit when a low-resistance connection, or short circuit, takes place, going around the normal load. It creates a considerable safety hazard and can lead to damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a indicator of the highest power generation of a solar array under optimal sunlight conditions. It indicates the array's peak potential to create electricity in typical testing conditions . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A voltmeter is an measuring tool used to determine the voltage between two points in a electronic circuit. It is commonly used in different electrical and electronic fields to verify proper electrical potential | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a phenomenon in PV modules where high voltage stress causes a notable reduction in energy production and efficiency. It occurs due to leakage currents and ion movement within the solar cell materials, leading to performance deterioration over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is considered a metalloid element essential for plant growth and applied in various industrial applications, such as glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It exhibits unique chemical traits that cause it beneficial in producing long-lasting, heatproof materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring optimal tilt and orientation for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a stable and resilient foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar-powered power plant harnesses sunlight using large groups of photovoltaic modules to create renewable electricity. It supplies an environmentally friendly energy source, diminishing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the combined practice of using land for both solar energy output and cultivation, optimizing space and resources. This method improves crop production while concurrently creating renewable energy, fostering sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar panels are solar panels designed to harvest sunlight on both sides, boosting overall energy production. They are commonly positioned in a way that enhances performance by utilizing albedo mirroring and reflected sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar-powered canopy is a structure that provides shelter while generating electricity through built-in solar panels. It is frequently installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to blend environmental benefits with functional design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar panel system is a collection of multiple photovoltaic modules arranged to generate electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in renewable energy systems to generate clean, sustainable power for multiple applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A patio cover is a structure that offers shade and shelter from the elements for exterior areas. It improves the practicality and look of a terrace, making it a pleasant area for rest and socializing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the measurement between the vertical direction directly overhead and the line of sight to a celestial object. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to represent the position of bodies in the heavens relative to an observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The horizontal bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise a reference heading, usually true north, to the line between an viewer to a target object. It is commonly used in wayfinding, land measurement, and celestial observation to indicate the orientation of an celestial body in relation to the observer's position. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as height falls and electric shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to severe weather and potential musculoskeletal injuries pose significant occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a semiconductor material widely used in thin-film solar panels due to its high efficiency and cost-effectiveness. It exhibits outstanding optical properties, making it a common choice for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | A catalog of photovoltaics companies showcases the leading manufacturers and suppliers expert in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions globally. These companies are key in driving solar energy implementation and innovation across different markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a quantity of energy output equal to 1,000,000,000 watt, used to measure large-scale power generation output and utilization. It is typically associated with generating stations, national grids, and large-scale energy projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar is a worldwide leader in photovoltaic (PV) power solutions, specializing in making thin-film solar panels that offer high efficiency and economical power output. The company is dedicated to green renewable energy advancement and decreasing the world's reliance on fossil fuels through cutting-edge solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology focuses in seamlessly linking various components of factory and automated systems to boost performance and trustworthiness. It focuses on building cutting-edge solutions that facilitate seamless communication and compatibility among various technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is an leading China's firm focused on producing and developing solar-powered solar goods and services. It is known for cutting-edge technology and sustainable energy initiatives in the renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of power equal to one billion W, often employed to represent the potential of massive power production or usage. It emphasizes the vast power scale involved in modern energy framework and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Learning curve effects refer to the phenomenon where the unit cost drops as overall production grows, due to gaining knowledge and efficiencies achieved over time. This concept highlights the significance of accumulated experience in reducing costs and enhancing efficiency in industrial processes and other procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics convert sunlight straight into electricity through semiconductor elements, primarily silicon. This technology is a clean, sustainable energy source that helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the price of producing solar or wind energy becomes equivalent to or lower than the cost of purchasing power from the power grid. Achieving Grid parity means that green energy technologies are economically comparable with traditional fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity serves as the main electrical power supplied to homes and enterprises through a system of power lines, offering a reliable source of energy for different appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, based on the nation, and is supplied through alternating current (AC). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) pertains to all elements of a solar power system apart from the photovoltaic panels, including inverters, racking, wiring, and other electrical hardware. It is vital for guaranteeing the effective and reliable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Sunlight is captured from the solar radiation using solar cells to produce electricity or through thermal solar systems to provide warmth. It is a green, eco-friendly, and planet-friendly energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are in residential, corporate, and manufacturing settings to create clean, renewable electricity from sunlight. They also power remote and off-grid locations, offering green energy solutions where standard power grids are not accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A list of solar-powered items features a range of devices that utilize sunlight to generate energy, encouraging green and eco-conscious living. These items include ranging from solar power banks and lights to home equipment and outdoor equipment, delivering flexible alternatives for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | A solar power plant is a installation that converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar modules. It is a green energy source that aids in decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems merge solar panels with other energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They enhance energy use by allocating renewable resources and backup options, cutting reliance on fossil fuels and cutting overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV employ optical lenses plus mirrors to focus sunlight onto advanced solar cells, significantly boosting energy capture from a compact footprint. This method is particularly effective where bright, direct sunlight plus, it offers a viable solution to cut solar power costs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |