Solar panel | Solar panel act as instruments that change sunlight into electricity using PV cells. They serve as an eco-friendly and renewable energy source, minimizing reliance on carbon-based fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar heat collector is a system that absorbs sunlight to convert heat, generally used for hot water production or room heating applications. It successfully converts solar energy into thermal energy, reducing reliance on standard energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar thermal energy harnesses sunlight to generate heat, which can be used for hot water production, indoor heating, or electricity generation. It is a green and sustainable technology that reduces fossil fuel consumption and lowers GHG emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a picturesque seaside town in the county of West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a delightful blend of beaches with soft sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | The country of England is a historic country in the United Kingdom known for its abundant cultural traditions, iconic landmarks, and lively urban areas like London. It boasts a varied landscape of rolling hills, old castles, and lively city hubs that blend tradition with modern innovation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Sunlight is the environmental radiance emitted by the star, essential for existence on Earth as it supplies fuel for photosynthesis and affects climate and weather patterns. It also adds to our well-being by regulating our circadian rhythms and increasing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electrical power is a form of power due to the movement of ions, primarily negatively charged particles. It fuels numerous devices and systems, enabling today’s lifestyle and technological advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts sunlight directly into power using photovoltaic panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a sustainable power source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are fundamental particles with a reversed electric charge that orbit the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions affect the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | Direct current is the single-direction movement of electric charge, usually produced by batteries, power supplies, and solar panels. It provides a constant voltage or current, causing it essential for electronic devices and low-voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A cell is a instrument that accumulates chemical energy and transforms it into current to power various electronic devices. It consists of several galvanic cells, each comprising electrode pairs separated by an electrolyte. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | A solar power system converts sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels made of solar cells. It is an eco-friendly energy solution that minimizes reliance on non-renewable energy sources and promotes renewable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A photovoltaic inverter is a device that converts DC generated by solar panels into alternating current (AC) fit for home use and grid connection. It plays a crucial role in enhancing energy performance and providing safe, reliable electricity delivery from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that reverses direction regularly, usually used in home and industrial power supplies. It enables efficient transmission of electricity over great lengths and is marked by its voltage and current waveforms, usually sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge regulator is a device that manages the voltage level and current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from overcharging and harm. It guarantees optimal energy flow and extends the lifespan of the battery system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A survey tool is a tool used to measure the size, quantity, or level of something accurately. It includes tools like meters, temperature sensors, and barometers that provide accurate readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a device that automatically adjusts the orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement throughout the day, increasing energy absorption. This system improves the efficiency of solar power systems by maintaining best sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Solar power plants are large-scale facilities that harness sunlight to generate electricity using a multitude of solar panels. They offer a sustainable and renewable energy resource, reducing reliance on carbon-based fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves setting up photovoltaic cells on building roofs to create electricity from sunlight. This green energy source helps reduce reliance on non-renewable fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-tied photovoltaic system changes sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a sustainable energy solution. It improves energy efficiency and decreases reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to gain potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, CH4, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like fossil fuel combustion and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar energy satellite is an orbiting platform equipped with solar arrays that absorb sunlight and convert it into electricity. This energy is then beamed to Earth for application as an eco-friendly power supply. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Residential energy storage solutions store excess energy generated from renewable energy or the power grid for later use, enhancing energy self-sufficiency and effectiveness. These systems generally use batteries to provide backup energy, cut down energy costs, and support grid stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The chronology of solar panels chronicles the advancement and improvements in solar energy technology from the early finding of the photovoltaic effect to modern high-performance solar arrays. It highlights major innovations, including the invention of the initial silicon solar cell in 1954 and persistent advances that have substantially enhanced power conversion and economic viability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a French physicist noted for his pioneering work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and glow. His tests laid the foundation for understanding how radiation interacts with specific substances to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a UK electrician and scientist known for discovering the photo-conductive property of Se in 1873. His research laid the foundation for the development of the photo-sensitive device and advancements in early photographic and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | Selenium is an free platform used for automated testing of web browsers, enabling testers to simulate user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and browsers, making it a flexible tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization of light reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was an US creator who created the earliest working selenium solar cell in 1883. His innovative work set the foundation for the modern photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | An coal-burning power plant generates electricity by combusting coal to produce vapor that drives turbines connected to generators. This process releases considerable amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with finding the solar cell and improving the understanding of semiconductor. His work formed the basis of modern solar energy technology and the creation of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a prestigious research and development entity long-standing associated with AT&T, known for leading innovations in communications, computing, and materials science. It has been the birthplace of many groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical with the symbol Si and 14, widely known for its key role in the manufacturing of electronic components and solar panels. It is a hard, fragile crystal material with a blue-grey shine, primarily used as a semi-conductor in the electronic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A micro-inverter is a little unit installed on each photovoltaic panel to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) locally. This method improves system efficiency, allows for improved performance monitoring, and increases energy production in solar energy setups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A photovoltaic cell is a unit that converts sunlight straight into electricity through the solar energy process. It is often used in solar arrays to offer a renewable and eco-friendly energy power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that offers renewable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | A photon acts as a elementary particle that represents a quantum of light plus other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum and energy without having rest mass. It plays a crucial role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, enabling phenomena including reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The photovoltaic effect is the process by which specific substances turn sunlight straight into electricity through the creation of charge carriers. This effect is the fundamental principle behind photovoltaic technology, facilitating the harnessing of solar energy for power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electrical engineering is a slim slice of semiconductor material, typically silicon, used as the substrate for manufacturing integrated circuits. It functions as the main platform where microchips are built through methods like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a super pure form of silicon used primarily in the manufacturing of photovoltaic cells and electronic components due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its organized, systematic crystal lattice enables efficient electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin film solar cells are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their light, bendable structure, and capacity for large-area manufacturing at a lower cost. They use layers of semiconductor materials just several micrometers in thickness to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the constant forces exerted by the mass of building components and stationary equipment, while live loads are movable forces such as users, furnishings, and external influences. Both are important considerations in building planning to guarantee safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits link components in a line, so the same current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits join components across the same voltage source, permitting multiple paths for current. These layouts influence the circuit's overall resistance, current spread, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrification represents the speed at which electrical energy flows by an electric circuit, primarily used to operate devices and appliances. Created through diverse origins such as carbon-based fuels, nuclear power, and sustainable sources, and fundamental for today's lifestyle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A measure of power is a standard of energy transfer rate in the metric system, indicating the rate of energy flow or transformation. It is the same as one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electric pressure difference between two points, which causes the flow of electrical current in a circuit. It is measured in V and indicates the power per single charge ready to shift electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A voltage is the base unit of electric potential, electric potential difference, and voltage in the International System of Units. It measures the electric energy per charge unit between locations in an circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electrical current is the movement of electricity through a conductor wire, commonly measured in amperes. It is essential for powering electronic devices and enabling the operation of electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Ampere serves as the measure of electric flow in the SI units, symbolized as A. It measures the movement of electric charge through a circuit over a duration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load is the term for the level of electrical power or current demanded by devices and electrical load in a circuit. It influences the configuration and size of power systems to guarantee safe and optimized energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A junction box is an electrical casing used to safely house wire connections, providing a central point for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and safe connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 plug is a standardized photovoltaic connector used to attach solar panels in a reliable and trustworthy manner. It features a click-in design with waterproof sealing, guaranteeing durability and efficient electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power provides a convenient and uniform method of delivering electrical energy to devices through universal ports. It is commonly used for recharging and feeding a broad range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A power inverter is a device that transforms direct current (DC) from supplies like accumulators or photovoltaic arrays into alternating current (AC) suitable for domestic gadgets. It allows the use of regular electrical equipment in settings where only direct current electricity is accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | A battery pack functions as a collection of multiple individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for various devices. It provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar panel tracking solutions automatically adjust the angle of photovoltaic panels to monitor the sun’s path throughout the 24 hours, optimizing solar energy capture. This technology boosts the effectiveness of photovoltaic energy harvesting by ensuring ideal panel positioning. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to maximize the power output of solar energy systems by continuously adjusting the performance point to correspond to the maximum power point of the solar cells. This procedure provides the best performance energy harvesting, especially under varying environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | An power optimizer functions as a device used in solar energy systems to boost energy output by individually improving the performance of each solar panel. It enhances overall system efficiency by minimizing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A photovoltaic performance monitor is a device that monitors and analyzes the efficiency of solar power systems in instantaneous, offering useful data on energy production and system condition. It helps enhance solar power generation by detecting faults ahead of time and guaranteeing optimal performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are flexible, multi-purpose photovoltaic devices made by depositing slim layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a affordable and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in multiple portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Photovoltaic cells convert sun rays directly into electricity through the solar energy conversion process, making them a eco-friendly energy source. They are typically used in solar panels to generate electricity for homes, appliances, and entire solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a compound composed of numerous tiny silicon crystals, commonly used in solar modules and chip fabrication. Its creation involves liquefying and restructuring silicon to form a high-purity, polycrystalline form suitable for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Monocrystalline silicon is a ultra-pure form of silicon with a single lattice arrangement, making it highly efficient for use in solar panels and electronics. Its homogeneous framework allows for enhanced electron flow, resulting in better efficiency compared to other silicon types. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics constitute a type of thin film solar technology that offers a cost-effective and effective alternative for massive solar energy production. They are recognized for their great absorption capability and relatively low manufacturing costs versus traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are laminate photovoltaic devices that utilize a multi-layered compound of Cu, indium, gallium, and selenium to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently. They are known for their great light capturing efficiency, bendability, and capability for portable, affordable solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous silicon is a disordered atomic arrangement, making it easier to handle and more straightforward to layer than structured silicon. It is commonly used in solar panels and electronic systems due to its cost-effectiveness and flexible properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Next-generation photovoltaic panels aim to surpass traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing state-of-the-art materials and pioneering techniques such as multi-layered stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on optimizing energy conversion, lowering costs, and broadening applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-junction solar cells are advanced photovoltaic modules that utilize various p-n junctions arranged in unison to capture a wider spectrum of the solar spectrum, greatly increasing their efficiency. They are mainly employed in space applications and high-efficiency solar power systems due to their outstanding energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar arrays are essential devices that generate solar radiation into electric power to power onboard equipment. Generally lightweight, durable, and designed to operate efficiently in the demanding space environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are materials composed of multiple elements, typically involving a metal component and a non-metal, used in high-frequency electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer superior performance in applications such as laser devices, LEDs, and high-frequency switching devices compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound-based semiconductor known for its high electron mobility and efficiency in RF and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV employ optics or mirrors to direct sunlight onto highly efficient multi-layer solar cells, greatly enhancing energy conversion efficiency. This technology is ideal for large capacity solar power plants in zones with direct sunlight, delivering a affordable option for high-demand energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Lightweight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its lightweight and pliant form factor. It offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in solar building materials and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a thin film of copper indium gallium selenide as the light-absorbing layer, known for high efficiency and adaptability. They offer a portable, budget-friendly alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels with reliable operation in diverse climates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film is a term for a slender layer of material, often measured in nanometers or μm, used in multiple technological fields. These coatings are vital in electronic devices, light manipulation, and coatings for their distinctive physical and chemical features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Roof-mounted solar PV systems harness solar energy to generate electricity directly on structure roofs, providing a eco-friendly and cost-effective energy solution. They help decrease use of fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to green initiatives. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A coating is a stratum of material ranging from tiny nanometric scales to several micrometers in depth, often placed on surfaces for functional purposes. These coatings are used in multiple sectors, including electronic devices, optics, and medicine, to alter surface properties or develop particular device features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nanometers are measurement the same as one-billionth of a meter, often utilized to describe minuscule distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are essential in disciplines including nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for determining structures and particles at the nano dimension. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Micrometers are accurate gauges used to accurately measure minute thicknesses or depths, commonly in mechanical engineering and fabrication. They feature a adjusted screw mechanism that allows for exact readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon substrate is a slender, ring-shaped section of silicon crystal used as the substrate for fabricating semiconductor devices. It serves as the core material in the manufacture of semiconductor chips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are thin-film photovoltaic devices recognized for their high efficiency and flexibility, ideal for various uses. They use a multilayer semiconductor architecture that transforms sunlight immediately into power with excellent effectiveness in low-light settings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon silicon is a form of silicon used in solar cells, characterized by its several crystal grains that give it a grainy appearance. It is noted for being economical and having a moderately high efficiency in turning sunlight into energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar power setups convert sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic cells, offering a green energy source for residential, business, and large-scale applications. They provide a clean, long-lasting, and cost-effective way to reduce reliance on non-renewable energy sources and lower CO2 emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic device that converts sunlight into electrical energy using a photosensitive dye to capture light and create electron flow. It offers a cost-effective and versatile alternative to standard silicon-based solar cells, with possibility for transparent and thin applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanoscale semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and conversion efficiency through quantum size effects. This technology offers the potential for cost-effective, flexible, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic photovoltaic devices are solar cells that use carbon-based molecules, to transform sun's energy into electric power. They are compact, bendable, and enable lower-cost, large-area solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Cu) Zinc Tin Sulfide is a advantageous semiconductor compound used in layer solar cells due to its plentiful and harmless elements. Its excellent optoelectronic properties make it an desirable option for green photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics integrated solar building solutions seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of construction components, such as rooftops, facades, and windows. This cutting-edge approach enhances energy performance while maintaining visual attractiveness and structural performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to penetrate a material with minimal distortion, allowing objects behind to be seen clearly. Translucency permits light to spread through, obscuring detailed visibility but still allowing shapes and light to transmit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window film installation involves applying a thin film to the inside or outside of automobiles or edifices panes to cut down on glare, heat, and UV rays. It boosts privacy, increases energy efficiency, and provides a sleek aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A collection of solar power stations details various extensive solar energy plants around the planet, highlighting their output and locations. These facilities serve a crucial role in green energy production and global efforts to cut carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic power stations are large-scale installations that transform sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. They play a vital role in sustainable power creation, cutting dependence on coal and oil, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Environmental issues encompass a wide range of issues such as contamination, climate change, and forest loss that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires joint initiatives to promote sustainable practices and protect wild habitats. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Green energy comes from natural sources that are renewably replenished, such as the sun, air currents, and water. It offers a eco-friendly option to fossil fuels, decreasing environmental impact and enhancing lasting energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Fossil fuels, such as bituminous coal, crude oil, and natural gas, are finite resources formed over millions of years and are consumed when used. They are the chief fuels for electricity generation and transportation but pose ecological and sustainability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Power production involves converting various energy sources such as fossil fuels, atomic energy, and green energy into electrical energy. This process generally happens in power plants where turbines, alternators, and generators work together to produce power for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are dense, harmful elements such as plumbum, Hg, cadmium, and arsenide that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Photovoltaic performance indicates how effectively a solar panel transforms sunlight into usable energy. Enhancing this efficiency is crucial for maximizing renewable energy output and decreasing reliance on non-renewable resources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when radiation shining on a metal ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle properties of light. This event provided critical proof for the development of quantum physics by showing that photon energy is discrete. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Accelerated life testing involves exposing products to elevated stresses to speedily determine their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps identify potential failures and boost product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of photovoltaics has accelerated rapidly over the past decade, driven by technological progress and decreasing costs. This expansion is transforming the world energy sector by raising the share of sustainable solar power in electricity generation processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar pertains to large solar power installations designed to generate electricity on a industrial scale, providing power directly to the grid. These projects typically cover vast areas and utilize photovoltaic panels or solar thermal systems to produce renewable energy effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A lens is a clear device that bending light to focus or diverge rays, producing images. It is commonly used in devices like cameras, glasses, and microscopes to control light for improved vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the angle between an approaching light ray and the normal line perpendicular to the surface at the contact point. It controls how light behaves with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a coating applied to optical surfaces to reduce glare and increase light flow. It improves the crispness and luminosity of screens by minimizing unwanted reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Canceling interference occurs when a couple of waves meet in such a way that their amplitude levels counteract each other, resulting in a diminution or total eradication of the combined wave. This phenomenon typically happens when these waves are phase-shifted by half a cycle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | Alternating current refers to an electric current that changes polarity, typically used in electrical distribution networks. The electrical potential changes following a sine wave throughout its cycle, permitting effective conveyance over long distances. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A compact inverter is a compact device used to transform DC from a individual solar module into AC suitable for domestic use. It improves system performance by optimizing energy production at the module level and simplifies setup and upkeep. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | AC electrical energy, or AC electrical energy, is electrical energy delivered through a network where the potential difference and electric flow periodically reverse direction, enabling cost-effective transmission over vast spans. It is generally used in homes and industries to operate different appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A direct current connector is a kind of electrical connector used to supply direct current (DC) power from a power source to an electronic equipment. It generally consists of a cylindrical plug and receptacle that guarantee a reliable and consistent connection for multiple electronic uses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Laboratories is a worldwide safety certification organization that tests and certifies products to guarantee they meet certain safety requirements. It helps consumers and businesses recognize reliable and secure products through strict evaluation and testing methods. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series-connected circuits are electronic circuits in which elements are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current flow. In this setup, the identical current passes through all components, and the total voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electronic circuits where components are connected across the same voltage source, providing multiple routes for current flow. This configuration allows devices to operate independently, with the total current divided among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | An diode is a electronic device that permits current to pass in one sense exclusively, acting as a single-direction valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in circuit systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An vehicle auxiliary power outlet is a connection, typically 12 volt, intended to deliver electrical power for various devices and attachments within a automobile. It enables users to power electronic gadgets or run small appliances while on the go. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a standard for linking devices to computing systems, facilitating information exchange and electric power. It supports a broad spectrum of devices such as input devices, mice, external storage, and mobile phones, with multiple revisions offering increased speeds and improved functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency is the measure of the percentage of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into usable energy. Improving this efficiency is crucial for increasing energy output and making solar power economical and sustainable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory dedicated to R&D in renewable energy and energy conservation technologies. It aims to advance developments in solar power, wind power, bioenergy, and additional renewable sources to support a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses every kind of electromagnetic radiation, extending from radio waves to gamma rays, all possessing diverse wavelengths and power. This band is essential for numerous technological applications and natural phenomena, enabling communication, medical imaging, and understanding of the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays, primarily emitted by the solar radiation. It has a key role in such as vitamin D production but can also lead to skin harm and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a category of electromagnetic wave with greater wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Single-hued refers to a color scheme based on alterations of a individual hue, using various shades, tints, and tones to create balance and unity. This layout approach emphasizes clarity and elegance by maintaining consistent color elements throughout a composition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the intensity of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, typically measured in watts per square meter. It is a crucial parameter in disciplines including solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, showing the strength of sunlight reaching a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | W/m2 is a unit of measurement used to measure the strength of radiation or energy flow received or emitted over a specific area, frequently in disciplines including meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It assists with understanding the distribution and transfer of energy across areas, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the extent of different hues or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or alternatively. It is often used to illustrate the spread of light or signal frequencies in multiple scientific and technological areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a big mass of air's with relatively consistent temperature and moisture characteristics, originating from particular origin regions. These air masses impact climate trends and atmospheric situations as they pass through diverse areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Solar power is the assessment of the power per unit area received from the solar source in the type of light. It varies with solar activity and atmospheric factors on Earth, affecting weather patterns and local weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Soiling in photovoltaic systems refers to the collection of debris, and foreign matter on the surface of photovoltaic modules, which decreases their performance. Consistent upkeep and servicing are necessary to limit energy decrease and guarantee best operation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage obtainable from a power source when no current is flowing, spanning its terminals. It indicates the potential difference of a device when it has been disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current represents the highest electrical current that flows through a circuit when a low-resistance connection, or short circuit, takes place, skipping the normal load. It presents a significant safety hazard and can lead to damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a measure of the highest power capacity of a solar array under perfect sunlight conditions. It indicates the module's peak ability to generate electricity in typical testing conditions . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A Volt meter is an electronic device used to measure the potential difference between two points in a electrical system. It is widely employed in various electrical and electronic applications to maintain proper voltage levels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a phenomenon in PV modules where increased voltage stress causes a substantial reduction in power output and performance. It occurs due to current leakage and ion movement within the solar cell materials, leading to performance decline over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron serves as a semi metallic chemical element crucial for plant growth and employed in different industrial applications, including glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It has special chemical traits that cause it useful in creating long-lasting, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring ideal tilt and alignment for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand environmental conditions while providing a stable and long-lasting foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A sun-powered power plant harnesses sunlight using vast arrays of photovoltaic panels to generate renewable electricity. It offers an eco-friendly energy source, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the integrated method of using land for both solar energy output and farming, maximizing space and resources. This strategy boosts crop production while simultaneously producing renewable energy, fostering sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial photovoltaic cells are photovoltaic devices able to absorb sunlight using both surfaces, enhancing overall energy production. They are usually installed in a way that allows for increased efficiency by leveraging albedo reflection and bounced sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a structure that provides cover while creating electricity through built-in solar panels. It is commonly installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to merge environmental benefits with functional design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar panel system is a collection of numerous photovoltaic modules arranged to produce electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in sustainable power systems to generate renewable, sustainable power for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A patio cover is a framework that delivers shade and protection from the elements for al fresco areas. It improves the practicality and aesthetic appeal of a patio, making it a pleasant area for rest and socializing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the measurement between the perpendicular line directly overhead and the line of sight to a astronomical body. It is employed in astronomy and meteorology to represent the position of objects in the heavens relative to an observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The horizontal bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a reference heading, typically true north, to the line between an observer to a point of interest. It is often used in wayfinding, land measurement, and astrophysics to specify the direction of an object with respect to the observer's position. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Setting up solar panels exposes workers to risks such as falls from heights and electric shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to severe weather and potential muscle strains pose significant occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a semiconductor material extensively utilized in thin-film solar cells due to its high efficiency and cost efficiency. It exhibits superb optical properties, making it a popular option for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | A catalog of photovoltaics companies highlights the leading manufacturers and suppliers focused on solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions worldwide. These companies are key in advancing solar energy integration and advancement across various markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a measure of electricity equal to one billion W, used to assess big electricity generation and usage. It is typically associated with electricity stations, power grids, and large-scale energy projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar is a international leader in solar PV energy solutions, expert in manufacturing thin film-based solar cells that deliver high efficiency and economical power output. The firm is focused on eco-friendly energy development and reducing the global dependence on fossil fuels through cutting-edge solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology specializes in seamlessly linking various elements of factory and automation systems to improve efficiency and reliability. It aims on building cutting-edge solutions that promote seamless communication and compatibility among diverse tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is a leading Chinese firm focused on manufacturing and innovating photovoltaic solar items and systems. Famous for state-of-the-art tech and eco-friendly energy programs in the the renewable energy industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of power equal to one billion watts, often utilized to describe the capacity of large-scale power generation or usage. It underscores the immense energy extent involved in current power framework and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Learning curve effects refer to the effect where the production cost decreases as total output rises, due to learning curve and optimization obtained over time. This phenomenon highlights the importance of stored knowledge in reducing costs and boosting output in industrial processes and other procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Solar energy turn sunlight directly into electricity through semiconductor materials, primarily silicon. This system is a clean, sustainable energy source that assists lessen reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the cost of creating solar or wind energy becomes equivalent to or lower than the cost of purchasing power from the electric grid. Achieving Grid parity signifies that green energy technologies are economically comparable with conventional fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity is the main electrical power supplied to homes and companies through a grid of power lines, providing a dependable source of energy for various appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, depending on the nation, and is delivered through alternating current. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) includes all components of a solar power system excluding the photovoltaic panels, including inverters, racking, wiring, and additional electrical hardware. It is vital for ensuring the efficient and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Solar energy is absorbed from the sun's rays using solar cells to convert electricity or through solar thermal systems to produce heat. It is a sustainable, renewable, and eco-conscious energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are commonly employed in residential, commercial, and manufacturing sites to produce green, eco-friendly electricity from sunlight. They also supply remote and off-grid locations, delivering sustainable energy solutions where standard power grids are unavailable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A list of solar energy goods features a variety of tools that capture sunlight to convert energy, encouraging environmentally friendly and sustainable living. These solutions include covering solar energy units and lights to home equipment and outdoor gear, delivering versatile alternatives for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | An photovoltaic power station is a facility that transforms sunlight directly into electricity using solar modules. It is a renewable energy source that aids in decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems merge solar panels with other energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to ensure a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by allocating renewable resources and backup options, cutting reliance on fossil fuels and lowering overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics use optical lenses and mirrors focusing solar radiation on high-performance solar cells, considerably enhancing energy capture from less space. This approach is particularly effective in areas with direct, strong sunlight and offers an innovative way to cut the cost of. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |