Solar panel | Solar panel act as instruments that change sunlight into electricity using photovoltaic cells. They serve as an eco-friendly and sustainable energy source, decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar heat collector is a device that captures sunlight to produce heat, typically used for hot water production or space heating applications. It effectively converts solar energy into thermal energy, decreasing reliance on standard energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Sun-powered thermal energy harnesses sunlight to generate heat, which can be used for water heating, indoor heating, or electricity production. It is a green and sustainable technology that reduces fossil fuel consumption and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a scenic seaside town in West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a enchanting blend of golden sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | The country of England is a historic country in the United Kingdom known for its wealthy cultural heritage, famous sights, and bustling urban areas like London. It boasts a mixed scenery of gentle slopes, old castles, and bustling urban centers that combine tradition with modern developments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Sunlight is the environmental illumination emitted by the sun, vital for existence on Earth as it provides fuel for photosynthesis and influences climate and weather patterns. It also plays a role to our well-being by regulating our circadian rhythms and increasing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electrical power is a kind of power generated by the flow of electrically charged entities, primarily negatively charged particles. It drives innumerable appliances and networks, enabling modern life and technological advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts solar radiation directly into power using solar panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a renewable power source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are fundamental particles with a negative electric charge that orbit the nucleus of an atom, crucial in in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions affect the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | DC is the single-direction flow of electric charge, usually produced by batteries, electrical sources, and solar cells. It provides a steady voltage or current, making it necessary for electronic devices and low voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A cell is a instrument that accumulates chemical energy and converts it into current to run various digital equipment. It includes multiple electrochemical cells, each housing positive and negative electrodes interposed by an ionic solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | An photovoltaic system converts solar radiation directly into power using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is an eco-friendly power solution that minimizes reliance on fossil fuels and promotes renewable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar power converter is a unit that changes DC generated by solar panels into AC appropriate for household use and grid integration. It is vital for optimizing energy use and guaranteeing secure, reliable electricity delivery from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that reverses direction cyclically, typically used in domestic and business power supplies. It enables effective transmission of electricity over great lengths and is marked by its voltage and current waveforms, usually sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A power management device is a device that controls the voltage and current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from overcharging and harm. It guarantees optimal energy flow and extends the lifespan of the battery bank. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A survey tool is a device used to determine the extent, volume, or intensity of something accurately. It includes tools like rulers, thermometers, and barometers that provide exact readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a device that automatically adjusts the orientation of solar panels to monitor the sun's movement across the day, maximizing energy absorption. This technology improves the efficiency of solar power systems by ensuring maximum sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Solar power plants are large-scale installations that capture sunlight to generate electricity using numerous solar panels. They supply a sustainable and eco-friendly energy power, reducing reliance on carbon-based fuels and decreasing carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves placing photovoltaic panels on roofs of buildings to generate electricity from sunlight. This renewable energy source helps minimize reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-tied solar energy setup converts sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a sustainable energy solution. It improves energy efficiency and decreases reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to benefit from potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like fossil fuel combustion and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar energy satellite is an artificial satellite equipped with solar panels that gather solar radiation and transform into electrical energy. This electricity is then beamed to Earth for use as a clean, renewable power source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Residential energy storage solutions store excess energy generated from renewable energy or the grid for future use, improving energy independence and efficiency. These installations typically utilize batteries to offer backup energy, lower energy expenses, and support grid robustness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The chronology of photovoltaic cells documents the advancement and improvements in solar power tech from the beginning discovery of the solar effect to modern high-performance solar panels. It highlights key milestones, including the creation of the initial silicon solar cell in 1954 and continuous developments that have substantially enhanced power transformation and economic viability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a French-born scientist noted for his pioneering work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and luminescence. His research laid the basis for comprehending how radiation interacts with certain media to produce electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Smith was a UK electrical engineer and researcher known for discovering the photo-conductive property of selenium in 1873. His research formed the basis for the development of the photo-sensitive device and progress in early photographic and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an open-source framework used for automating web browsers, allowing testers to simulate user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and browsers, making it a flexible tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization of light reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was an American inventor who invented the first working selenium solar cell in 1883. His groundbreaking work laid the groundwork for the contemporary photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | An coal-burning power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce vapor that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases considerable amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with finding the solar cell and improving the understanding of semiconductors. His work formed the basis of modern photovoltaic technology and the creation of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a renowned R&D organization historically associated with AT&T, known for leading innovations in communications, computing, and materials research. It has been the birthplace of countless groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a element with the symbol Si and number 14, well known for its key role in the production of electronics and solar modules. It is a tough, fragile crystalline solid with a steel-gray shine, mainly utilized as a semi-conductor in the electronic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A micro-inverter is a little device installed on each solar module to convert direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) on-site. This method improves system performance, facilitates improved system tracking, and increases energy yield in solar energy setups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A photovoltaic cell is a unit that turns sunlight immediately into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It is often used in solar arrays to supply a renewable and renewable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system transforms sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a green energy technology that delivers eco-friendly power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | An photon acts as a basic particle that represents a unit of light plus other electromagnetic radiation, transporting energy and momentum and energy without possessing rest mass. It plays a key role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, facilitating phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The solar photoelectric effect is the mechanism by which particular compounds turn sunlight immediately into electricity through the creation of electron-hole pairs. This event is the core foundation behind solar panel systems, allowing the harnessing of solar solar power for power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electrical engineering is a fine slice of semiconductor material, usually silicon, used as the substrate for manufacturing integrated circuits. It serves as the main platform where microprocessors are built through processes like doping, etching, and coating. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a super pure form of silicon used primarily in the manufacturing of photovoltaic cells and electronic systems due to its superb semiconductor properties. Its organized, orderly crystal lattice enables efficient electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin film solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology characterized by their lightweight, bendable structure, and capacity for large-area manufacturing at a reduced expense. They use thin semiconductor layers only a few micrometers thick to transform sunlight into usable electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the static forces exerted by the weight of construction parts and stationary equipment, while live loads are temporary forces such as people, furnishings, and external influences. Both are essential considerations in structural design to ensure safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits join components sequentially, so the identical current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits link components between the same voltage source, permitting several paths for current. These configurations influence the circuit's total resistance, current allocation, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrical energy represents the velocity at which electric power is conveyed by an electrical network, mainly utilized for powering devices and appliances. Created through diverse origins such as carbon-based fuels, nuclear, and green energy, and crucial for modern life. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A measure of power is a unit of energy conversion in the metric system, showing the speed of energy movement or conversion. It is the same as one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electronic voltage difference between two points, which causes the flow of electric current in a circuit. It is measured in volts and indicates the work per individual charge ready to shift electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A voltage is the derived unit of electric potential, potential difference, and voltage in the metric system. It measures the electric energy per unit charge between points in an circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electrical current is the flow of electric charge through a conductor wire, usually measured in amps. It is essential for supplying electronic gadgets and allowing the working of electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Amp represents the unit of electrical flow in the SI units, symbolized as A. It indicates the movement of electrical charge through a wire over a time span. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load indicates the amount of electrical power or current demanded by devices and Electrical load in a circuit. It influences the layout and power of power systems to ensure reliable and efficient energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A electrical box is an electrical casing used to safely house wire connections, providing a core for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and safe connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 is a standardized photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a reliable and trustworthy manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, guaranteeing durability and efficient electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power offers a simple and standardized method of providing electrical energy to devices through standard ports. It is commonly used for charging and supplying a broad range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A energy inverter is a device that transforms direct current (DC) from sources like cells or solar panels into alternating current (AC) suitable for household appliances. It allows the application of regular electrical equipment in settings where only DC energy is available. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | A battery pack is an collection of numerous individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for multiple devices. It provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar panel tracking solutions automatically align the angle of solar panels to follow the sun’s path throughout the 24 hours, enhancing solar energy capture. This system increases the performance of solar energy collection by maintaining optimal panel orientation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a method used to optimize the power output of solar panel setups by continuously adjusting the working point to correspond to the peak power point of the solar cells. This procedure guarantees the most efficient energy extraction, especially under varying environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | A power optimizer functions as a device used in solar energy systems to boost energy output by individually tailored enhancing the performance of each solar panel. It increases overall system efficiency by minimizing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A photovoltaic performance monitor is a instrument that monitors and analyzes the effectiveness of solar power systems in live, offering valuable data on power output and system status. It assists optimize solar energy output by spotting faults promptly and guaranteeing highest efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are thin, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing slim layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a cost-effective and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in various portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Solar cells convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect, making them a renewable energy source. They are typically used in solar panels to power homes, appliances, and complete solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a substance composed of countless tiny silicon crystal structures, typically used in photovoltaic panels and microchip production. Its creation involves liquefying and reforming silicon to create a pure, polycrystalline structure appropriate for electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Single-crystal silicon is a premium type of silicon with a continuous lattice arrangement, making it extremely capable for use in solar panels and electronic devices. Its homogeneous formation allows for enhanced charge movement, resulting in better functionality compared to different silicon varieties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics are a type of thin-film solar technology that provides a affordable and efficient alternative for extensive solar energy harvesting. They are known as their great absorption efficiency and comparatively reduced manufacturing fees compared to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic devices are thin-film solar devices that utilize a composite compound of copper, indium, gallium, and selenium to turn sunlight into energy effectively. They are recognized for their high light capturing efficiency, flexibility, and capability for lightweight, economical solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous form of silicon is a non-ordered atomic structure, making it more flexible and more straightforward to layer than ordered silicon. It is frequently used in thin-film solar cells and electronic components due to its cost-effectiveness and versatile features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic panels aim to outperform traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing cutting-edge materials and new techniques such as stacked stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on maximizing energy conversion, cutting costs, and increasing applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-layered solar panels are innovative photovoltaic devices that employ several p-n connections stacked in tandem to capture a broader range of the solar spectrum, significantly increasing their efficiency. They are mainly applied in space applications and advanced solar power systems due to their superior energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels are vital components that generate solar radiation into electrical energy to operate onboard systems. Usually lightweight, long-lasting, and built for efficient operation in the harsh environment of space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are substances composed of multiple elements, typically involving a metallic element and a non-metallic component, used in high-frequency electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer enhanced performance in applications such as laser devices, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency switching devices compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound semiconductor recognized for its high electron mobility and efficiency in high-speed and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV utilize focusing elements or reflectors to focus sunlight onto highly efficient multi-layer solar cells, greatly enhancing energy conversion efficiency. This technique is perfect for large-scale solar power plants in regions with direct sunlight, offering a cost-effective option for large-scale energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Lightweight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its lightweight and pliant form factor. It offers a economical alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in solar building materials and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS thin-film solar cell utilize a delicate coating of CIGS compound as the solar semiconductor, known for excellent energy conversion and adaptability. They offer a portable, cost-effective alternative to conventional silicon PV modules with great output in diverse climates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film is a term for a very thin layer of material, often measured in nanometers or micrometers, used in various technological applications. These layers are essential in electronics, optical systems, and films for their special physical and chemical characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Roof-mounted solar PV systems harness solar energy to generate electricity directly on rooftops of buildings, providing a sustainable and economical energy solution. They help cut down dependence on fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to eco-preservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A layer of material is a sheet of material spanning a few nanometers to several micrometers in depth, often applied to surfaces for functional purposes. These layers are used in diverse fields, including electronics industry, optical technologies, and healthcare, to change surface traits or engineer certain device functions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nano units are measurement units equivalent to one-billionth of a meter, commonly used to illustrate extremely small distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are crucial in areas such as nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for determining structures and particles at the nanoscale. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Calipers are accurate gauges used to exactly measure tiny gaps or widths, generally in machining and manufacturing. They feature a adjusted screw system that allows for accurate readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon substrate is a thin, circular segment of silicon crystal used as the platform for manufacturing semiconductor devices. It functions as the core material in the manufacture of integrated circuits and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are thin-film solar modules recognized for their excellent performance and adaptability, making them suitable for diverse applications. They use a layered semiconductor architecture that turns sunlight directly into electricity with outstanding efficiency in low-light environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon silicon is a type of silicon used in photovoltaic panels, characterized by its several crystal grains that give it a mottled appearance. It is noted for being affordable and having a moderately high efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar PV systems convert sunlight directly into power using PV cells, providing a sustainable energy source for residential, industrial, and large-scale applications. They provide a environmentally friendly, sustainable, and cost-effective way to cut down reliance on fossil fuels and lower greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A photo-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a light-to-electricity device that converts sunlight into power using a light-reactive dye to take in light and generate electron flow. It offers a budget-friendly and flexible alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells, with possibility for see-through and lightweight applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanoscale semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and conversion efficiency through quantum size effects. This approach offers the potential for lower-cost, bendable, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic solar cells are photoelectric devices that use carbon-based molecules, to convert sun's energy into electricity. They are lightweight, flexible, and offer the potential for lower-cost, broad solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide is a promising photovoltaic material used in layer solar modules due to its earth-abundant and harmless elements. Its superior optoelectronic properties make it an appealing option for green photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics integrated solar building solutions seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of construction components, such as roofing, outer walls, and windows. This modern approach enhances energy performance while maintaining aesthetic appeal and structural performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to pass through a material bearing minimal distortion, allowing objects behind to be seen clearly. Translucency permits light to diffuse through, obscuring detailed visibility but still allowing shapes and light to penetrate. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window tinting involves the process of applying a transparent film to the inside or outside of vehicle or building windows to cut down on glare, heat, and UV rays. It improves privacy, increases energy efficiency, and provides a sleek aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A catalog of solar power stations information various extensive solar energy plants around the globe, demonstrating their power and positions. These facilities play a vital role in green energy production and international efforts to reduce carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic power stations are massive facilities that convert sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels. They are crucial in sustainable power creation, lessening dependence on fossil fuels, and cutting emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Eco concerns encompass a wide range of challenges such as contamination, climatic shifts, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires joint initiatives to promote green approaches and protect natural ecosystems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Green energy comes from environmentally friendly sources that are renewably sourced, such as sunlight, breezes, and water. It offers a eco-friendly option to fossil fuels, minimizing environmental impact and enhancing lasting energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Fossil fuels, such as coal, crude oil, and methane, are finite resources formed over geological eras and are consumed when used. They are the main power sources for power production and mobility but pose ecological and environmental and long-term viability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Electrical energy creation involves converting various energy types such as fossil fuels, nuclear power, and sustainable resources into electricity. This process typically occurs in power plants where turbines and generators work together to produce power for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are dense, harmful elements such as Pb, quicksilver, cadmium, and arsenide that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Solar-cell efficiency assesses how effectively a photovoltaic device generates sunlight into usable power. Improving this Solar-cell efficiency is key for optimizing renewable energy generation and cutting reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when radiation shining on a metal surface ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle nature of light. This occurrence provided critical proof for the development of quantum theory by showing that light energy is quantized. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Enhanced life testing involves placing products to increased stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps detect potential failures and improve product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The expansion of solar panels has accelerated rapidly over the past ten years, driven by innovations and cost reductions. This growth is changing the world energy sector by increasing the percentage of renewable solar power in power production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar relates to large solar power facilities designed to generate electricity on a business scale, providing power directly to the grid. These sites typically cover vast areas and utilize solar panels or solar heating systems to produce renewable energy cost-effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optic is a see-through device that refracts light to focus or diverge rays, forming images. It is often used in equipment like camera units, glasses, and microscopes to control light for enhanced vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the measure between an approaching light ray and the normal line orthogonal to the surface at the point of contact. It controls how light behaves with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a thin layer applied to optical surfaces to cut down on glare and improve light transmission. It boosts the sharpness and brightness of optical devices by cutting down on stray reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Destructive interference occurs when two waves meet in a manner that their wave heights cancel each other out, causing a reduction or total eradication of the resultant wave. This phenomenon usually happens when these waves are not in phase by pi radians. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | Alternating current is an electric current that alternates direction, commonly employed in electrical distribution networks. The electrical potential changes sinusoidally over time, permitting efficient transmission over large spans. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A small inverter is a small entity used to change DC from a individual solar module into AC suitable for domestic use. It improves system efficiency by optimizing energy production at the module level and streamlines installation and upkeep. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | AC electrical energy, or AC electrical energy, is electrical energy delivered through a system where the potential difference and current regularly reverse orientation, enabling optimized transmission over vast spans. It is frequently used in residences and commercial sectors to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A DC connector is a kind of electrical connector used to supply direct current (DC) power from a power source to an electronic equipment. It usually consists of a round plug and jack that ensure a reliable and dependable connection for various electronic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Laboratories is a international protection validation body that evaluates and certifies products to guarantee they meet particular security norms. It helps consumers and firms recognize trustworthy and safe products through rigorous assessment and analysis processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Serial circuits are electrical networks in which parts are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current flow. In this arrangement, the same current passes through all elements, and the sum voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electrical circuits where components are connected across the same voltage source, offering multiple routes for current flow. This configuration allows components to operate separately, with the total current split among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | An diode acts as a semiconductor device that allows current to flow in one sense exclusively, acting as a single-direction valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electrical systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An automobile auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12V, designed to supply electrical energy for multiple devices and accessories within a car. It permits users to power electronic gadgets or operate small electronics during on the go. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a protocol for linking hardware to computers, allowing data transmission and electric power. It accommodates a broad spectrum of devices such as keyboards, mice, external storage devices, and smartphones, with various generations offering faster speeds and enhanced performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency is the measure of the portion of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell converts into usable energy. Boosting this efficiency is essential to optimizing energy generation and making solar power affordable and eco-friendly. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy federal research facility dedicated to R&D in renewable energy and energy conservation technologies. It aims to advance developments in solar power, wind power, bioenergy, and additional renewable sources to promote a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses all types of electromagnetic waves, extending from radio waves to gamma radiation, each with varied wavelengths and power. This range is fundamental to many technologies and natural phenomena, enabling communication, diagnostic imaging, and understanding of the cosmos. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wave length shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays, primarily generated by the sun. It has a crucial role in processes like vitamin D production but can also result in skin injury and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a category of electromagnetic wave with extended wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color scheme based on variations of a single hue, using diverse shades, tints, and tones to create cohesion and unity. This composition approach emphasizes simplicity and grace by maintaining consistent color elements throughout a composition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the intensity of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, usually measured in watts/m². It is a key parameter in disciplines including solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, demonstrating the strength of sunlight hitting a given area. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | watts per square meter is a measurement unit used to measure the strength of energy or energy flow received or emitted over a defined surface, frequently in fields like meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It aids in understanding the dispersion and movement of power across regions, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the span of diverse colors or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or otherwise. It is frequently used to illustrate the dispersion of light or signal bandwidths in various scientific and technological contexts. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a big mass of air's with comparatively even temperature and humidity characteristics, deriving from from certain starting regions. These air masses influence climate trends and sky conditions as they travel over diverse areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Solar power is the assessment of the intensity per square kilometer received from the Sun in the manner of light. It fluctuates with solar activity and atmospheric factors on Earth, influencing weather patterns and weather patterns. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Contamination in solar power refers to the collection of dirt, and other particles on the exterior of photovoltaic modules, which reduces their efficiency. Consistent upkeep and servicing are essential to minimize energy waste and ensure maximum operation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage refers to the maximum voltage obtainable from a power source when there is no current, measured across its terminals. It represents the potential difference of a device when it has been disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current represents the maximum electrical current that flows through a circuit when a low-resistance connection, or short circuit, occurs, bypassing the normal load. It poses a significant safety hazard and can result in damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a measure of the peak power generation of a solar panel under perfect sunlight conditions. It indicates the module's peak potential to produce electricity in conventional testing setups . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A voltmeter is an electrical instrument used to check the electrical potential between separate points in a electrical system. It is frequently utilized in numerous electrical and electronic setups to verify proper electrical potential | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a problem in photovoltaic modules where elevated voltage stress causes a notable reduction in power output and performance. It occurs due to current leakage and ion migration within the photovoltaic materials, leading to performance deterioration over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron serves as a semi metallic chemical element essential for plant development and used in different industrial uses, such as glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It possesses distinctive chemical traits that cause it useful in manufacturing durable, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring optimal tilt and orientation for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a robust and durable foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A sun-powered power plant collects sunlight using large arrays of photovoltaic modules to create renewable electricity. It offers an environmentally friendly energy source, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the consolidated practice of utilizing land for both solar energy generation and agriculture, maximizing space and resources. This strategy boosts crop production while simultaneously generating renewable energy, fostering sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar panels are solar energy devices designed to harvest sunlight on both sides, improving overall energy generation. They are usually installed in a way that allows for increased efficiency by taking advantage of albedo effect and bounced sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar-powered canopy is a installation that provides cover while producing electricity through integrated solar panels. It is commonly installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to blend environmental benefits with functional design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar panel setup is a collection of multiple solar panels designed to generate electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in renewable energy systems to produce renewable, sustainable power for multiple applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A patio shield is a construction that provides shade and cover from the conditions for al fresco areas. It enhances the practicality and look of a patio, making it a comfortable area for relaxation and gatherings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the angle between the perpendicular line directly overhead and the line of sight to a celestial object. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to describe the position of celestial entities in the sky relative to an observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The azimuth angle is a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a reference heading, typically true north, to the line linking an surveyor to a point of interest. It is often used in routing, surveying, and astrophysics to indicate the direction of an target in relation to the viewer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Setting up solar panels exposes workers to risks such as falls from heights and electric shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to harsh weather conditions and potential bodily injuries pose significant workplace risks in solar panel setup. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a semiconductor material widely used in thin film solar cells due to its superior efficiency and cost-effectiveness. It exhibits excellent optical features, making it a popular choice for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | An list of photovoltaics companies features the top manufacturers and suppliers focused on solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions globally. These companies are key in advancing solar energy adoption and innovation across multiple markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a quantity of electricity equal to one billion watts, used to measure big energy generation and usage. It is generally associated with generating stations, electricity networks, and significant power projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar Inc is a international leader in solar PV energy solutions, specializing in manufacturing thin-film solar cells that offer high efficiency and affordable energy production. The company is committed to sustainable renewable energy advancement and cutting down the global dependence on fossil fuels through innovative solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology specializes in smoothly connecting various elements of industrial and automated systems to improve efficiency and reliability. It aims on creating advanced solutions that facilitate efficient communication and interoperability among different technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is a prominent Chinese corporation focused on manufacturing and innovating solar-powered solar products and solutions. Famous for its advanced technology and green energy projects within renewable energy sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of energy equal to one billion watts, often employed to indicate the capacity of massively scaled electricity generation or usage. It underscores the vast energy extent involved in current energy infrastructure and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Learning curve effects refer to the effect where the production cost reduces as overall production rises, due to gaining knowledge and improvements achieved over time. This effect highlights the value of learned skills in cutting expenses and boosting output in manufacturing and other procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics turn sunlight straight into electricity through semiconductor substances, primarily silicon. This system is a pure, sustainable energy source that aids reduce reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the cost of generating solar or wind energy becomes equivalent to or less than the price of buying power from the electric grid. Achieving grid parity indicates that renewable energy sources are financially viable with fossil fuel-based coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity serves as the main electrical power supplied to residences and businesses through a system of power lines, delivering a dependable source of energy for various appliances. It usually operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, depending on the country, and is supplied through alternating current. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) includes all parts of a solar power system except the photovoltaic panels, comprising inverters, racking, wiring, and other electrical hardware. It is vital for ensuring the efficient and dependable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Sunlight is captured from the solar radiation using photovoltaic panels to convert electricity or through solar thermal systems to produce heat. It is a green, sustainable, and eco-conscious source of power that reduces reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are widely utilized in residential, corporate, and factory settings to generate renewable, eco-friendly electricity from sunlight. They also supply remote and off-grid locations, offering green energy solutions where standard power grids are unavailable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A catalog of solar energy products features a variety of tools that capture sunlight to generate energy, encouraging eco-friendly and renewable living. These solutions include ranging from solar energy units and lights to appliances and outdoor tools, providing multi-purpose solutions for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | An solar power plant is a facility that transforms sunlight immediately into electricity using solar modules. It is a sustainable energy source that supports lowering reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems integrate solar panels with other energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to ensure a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by managing renewable resources and backup options, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and cutting overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics use lenses and mirrors focusing sunlight onto highly efficient solar cells, considerably enhancing energy capture using a smaller area. This approach is highly suitable where bright, direct sunlight plus, it offers a viable solution to reducing solar power costs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |