| Solar panel | Photovoltaic module serve as components that change sunlight into electricity using PV cells. They are an eco-friendly and sustainable energy source, reducing reliance on non-renewable energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
| Solar thermal collector | A solar thermal collector is a device that captures sunlight to produce heat, typically used for hot water production or room heating applications. It efficiently converts solar energy into thermal energy, cutting down on reliance on traditional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
| Solar thermal energy | Sun-powered thermal energy harnesses sun rays to generate thermal energy, which can be used for hot water production, space warming, or power generation. It is a green and eco-friendly technology that reduces dependence on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
| Worthing | Worthing is a scenic seaside town in the county of West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a delightful blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
| England | England is a historic nation in the UK known for its abundant cultural heritage, famous sights, and vibrant cities like the capital. It boasts a diverse scenery of rolling hills, historic forts, and lively city hubs that blend heritage with modern developments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
| Sunlight | Solar light is the organic light emitted by the sun, vital for life on Earth as it provides fuel for photosynthesis and shapes climate and weather patterns. It also plays a role to our well-being by regulating our circadian rhythms and increasing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
| Electricity | Electricity is a type of energy due to the flow of electrically charged entities, primarily electrons. It fuels innumerable appliances and networks, enabling contemporary living and technological advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
| Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a sustainable power source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
| Electrons | Electrons are tiny particles with a reversed electric charge that circulate around the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions influence the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
| Direct current | DC is the one-way stream of electric charge, typically produced by battteries, power sources, and photovoltaic cells. It provides a constant voltage or current, making it necessary for electronic devices and low-voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
| Battery (electricity) | A cell is a device that accumulates chemical energy and converts it into electrical energy to run various digital equipment. It comprises multiple galvanic cells, each containing electrode pairs separated by an ionic solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
| Photovoltaic system | A photovoltaic system converts sunlight directly into power using photovoltaic panels made of solar cells. It is an green energy solution that minimizes reliance on fossil fuels and supports sustainable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
| Solar inverter | A photovoltaic inverter is a instrument that transforms direct current (DC) generated by solar panels into AC suitable for domestic use and grid integration. It is essential for optimizing energy use and providing reliable, dependable energy output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
| Alternating current | AC is an electric current that changes polarity regularly, usually used in home and industrial power supplies. It allows for efficient transmission of electricity over long distances and is characterized by its voltage and current waveforms, usually sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
| Charge controller | A power management device is a device that manages the voltage level and electric current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from excess charging and damage. It guarantees efficient energy transfer and prolongs the lifespan of the battery array. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
| Measuring instrument | A survey tool is a tool used to measure the dimension, amount, or level of something accurately. It includes gadgets like scales, thermometers, and barometers that provide precise readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
| Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a mechanism that instantaneously its orientation of solar panels to monitor the sun's movement throughout the day, increasing energy absorption. This innovation enhances the efficiency of solar power systems by keeping maximum sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
| Solar farms | Solar farms are large-scale installations that harness sunlight to produce electricity using a multitude of solar panels. They offer a sustainable and eco-friendly energy power, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
| Rooftop solar power | Solar power from rooftops involves placing photovoltaic solar panels on roofs of buildings to generate electricity from sunlight. This green energy source helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
| Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-tied solar power system changes sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a sustainable energy solution. It boosts energy efficiency and decreases reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to gain potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
| Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, methane, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like fossil fuel combustion and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
| Solar power satellite | A solar energy satellite is an spacecraft equipped with solar panels that absorb sunlight and generate power. This energy is then sent wirelessly to Earth for utilization as a sustainable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
| Home energy storage | Home power storage systems retain excess electricity generated from green sources or the power grid for later use, boosting energy self-sufficiency and efficiency. These systems commonly employ batteries to deliver backup energy, lower energy costs, and assist grid robustness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
| Timeline of solar cells | The chronology of photovoltaic cells tracks the advancement and innovations in photovoltaic technology from the beginning invention of the solar effect to current high-efficiency solar panels. It features significant innovations, including the invention of the initial silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and ongoing innovations that have greatly enhanced power conversion and cost efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
| Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a French physicist noted for his pioneering work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and luminescence. His research laid the basis for grasping how light interacts with specific materials to produce electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
| Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a British electrical engineer and scientist known for finding out the photoconductivity of selenium in 1873. His research laid the foundation for the creation of the photoconductive cell and progress in early photographic and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
| Selenium | The Selenium framework is an open-source platform used for automated testing of web browsers, allowing testers to mimic user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and browsers, making it a flexible tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
| William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization of luminescence reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
| Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an United States innovator who created the earliest working selenium solar cell in 1883. His groundbreaking work laid the foundation for the contemporary photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
| Coal-fired power plant | An coal-burning power plant generates electricity by burning coal to produce vapor that powers turbines connected to generators. This process releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
| Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with discovering the solar cell and improving the understanding of semiconductor. His work paved the way for modern photovoltaic technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
| Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a prestigious research and development organization historically associated with AT&T, known for leading innovations in telecommunications, computing, and materials research. It has been the origin of countless groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
| Silicon | Silicon is a chemical with the symbol Si and atomic number 14, widely known for its crucial role in the fabrication of electronic devices and solar cells. It is a hard, fragile solid substance with a steel-gray sheen, predominantly employed as a semiconductor in the technology sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
| Micro-inverter | A small inverter is a small component installed on each photovoltaic panel to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) on-site. This approach increases system effectiveness, enables better performance oversight, and improves energy production in solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
| Solar cell | A solar cell is a component that transforms sunlight straight into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It is frequently used in solar arrays to provide a sustainable and eco-friendly energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
| PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system converts sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that offers sustainable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
| Photon | A photon acts as a fundamental particle representing a packet of light plus other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum without containing rest mass. It plays a crucial role in the relations between matter and electromagnetic fields, allowing phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
| Photovoltaic effect | The photovoltaic effect is the mechanism by which specific substances turn sunlight straight into electricity through the production of electron-hole pairs. This event is the fundamental concept behind photovoltaic technology, enabling the harnessing of solar sunlight for energy creation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
| Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electrical engineering is a slim slice of semiconductor material, usually silicon, used as the substrate for manufacturing integrated circuits. It functions as the primary platform where microchips are built through methods like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
| Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a extremely pure form of silicon used predominantly in the manufacturing of solar cells and electronic devices due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its regular, systematic crystal lattice enables effective electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
| Thin film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their lightweight, pliable configuration, and capacity for large-area manufacturing at a more affordable price. They use thin semiconductor layers only a few micrometers thick to effectively turn sunlight into electrical energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
| Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the constant forces exerted by the weight of building components and stationary equipment, while live loads are temporary forces such as people, fixtures, and weather conditions. Both are critical considerations in engineering design to guarantee safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
| Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits join components in a line, so the identical current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits link components across the same voltage source, allowing several paths for current. These configurations influence the circuit's total resistance, current distribution, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
| Electric power | Electric power represents the velocity at which electricity is conveyed by an electric circuit, primarily used to operate devices and appliances. Produced through multiple sources such as carbon-based fuels, nuclear power, and sustainable sources, and is essential for contemporary living. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
| Watt | A unit of power is a measure of power in the metric system, representing the speed of energy transfer or transformation. It is equal to one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
| Voltage | Voltage is the electric potential difference between two points, which pushes the movement of electrical current in a circuit. It is measured in volts and indicates the power per unit charge available to shift electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
| Volt | A electromotive force is the base unit of electric potential, electric potential difference, and EMF in the International System of Units. It measures the electric energy per coulomb between locations in an circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
| Electric current | Electric flow is the passage of electrical charge through a conductor wire, commonly measured in A. It is essential for energizing electronic gadgets and facilitating the functioning of electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
| Ampere | Ampere serves as the unit of electrical current in the SI units, symbolized as A. It measures the movement of electrical charge through a circuit over a time span. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
| Electrical load | Electrical load refers to the quantity of electrical power or current demanded by devices and electrical load in a circuit. It influences the layout and size of power systems to guarantee reliable and efficient energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
| Junction box | A electrical box is an electrical enclosure used to safely house wire connections, providing a main hub for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and reliable connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
| MC4 connector | The MC4 is a uniform photovoltaic connector used to attach solar panels in a reliable and trustworthy manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, guaranteeing durability and effective electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
| USB power | USB power provides a easy and uniform method of providing electrical energy to devices through standard ports. It is frequently used for charging and supplying a wide range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
| Power inverter | A energy inverter is a instrument that converts DC from inputs like batteries or photovoltaic arrays into alternating current (AC) suitable for household appliances. It enables the application of regular electrical equipment in settings where only DC power is accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
| Battery pack | An battery pack functions as an collection of numerous individual batteries designed to store and supply electrical energy for various devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
| Solar tracking | Sun tracking devices automatically adjust the position of solar modules to track the sun’s path throughout the day, maximizing energy absorption. This system increases the performance of solar energy collection by keeping optimal panel orientation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
| Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a method used to enhance the power output of solar energy systems by regularly modifying the performance point to align with the peak power point of the solar cells. This process provides the most efficient power harvesting, especially under varying environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
| Power optimizer | An power optimizer is a device used in solar energy systems to optimize energy output by individually enhancing the performance of each solar panel. It increases overall system efficiency by cutting down on energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
| Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a device that tracks and analyzes the efficiency of photovoltaic panel systems in instantaneous, providing valuable data on energy generation and system condition. It assists optimize solar energy generation by identifying issues ahead of time and ensuring maximum output. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
| Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are lightweight, adaptable photovoltaic devices made by depositing slim layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a cost-effective and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in different portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
| Solar cells | Solar cells convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect, making them a renewable energy source. They are frequently used in solar panels to generate electricity for homes, appliances, and entire solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
| Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a material composed of many small silicon lattice structures, frequently used in solar panels and chip fabrication. Its production involves melting and recrystallizing silicon to form a pure, polycrystalline type suitable for electronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
| Monocrystalline silicon | Mono silicon is a ultra-pure form of silicon with a single lattice arrangement, making it extremely capable for use in photovoltaic modules and electronic components. Its uniform structure allows for improved electron transfer, resulting in better functionality compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
| Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics are a category of thin film solar technology that presents a affordable and efficient option for extensive solar energy production. They are their high absorption capability and comparatively low manufacturing costs in comparison with traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are thin-film photovoltaic devices that use a multi-layered material of Cu, indium, gallium, and selenium to transform sunlight into energy effectively. They are known for their high light capturing performance, bendability, and capability for lightweight, affordable solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
| Amorphous silicon | Amorphous form of silicon is a non-ordered molecular arrangement, making it easier to handle and more straightforward to layer than crystalline silicon. It is frequently used in photovoltaic thin films and electronic devices due to its affordability and flexible characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
| Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic panels aim to exceed traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing cutting-edge materials and pioneering techniques such as multi-layered stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on enhancing energy conversion, lowering costs, and increasing applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
| Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-layered solar panels are advanced photovoltaic devices that use various p-n connections layered in tandem to collect a wider spectrum of the solar spectrum, greatly enhancing their efficiency. These are mainly used in space missions and advanced solar power systems due to their excellent energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
| Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels are vital components that generate solar radiation into electrical energy to supply onboard instrumentation. They are typically lightweight, long-lasting, and designed to operate efficiently in the harsh environment of space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
| Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are substances composed of several elements, typically involving a metal and a non-metallic element, used in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer better performance in applications such as laser devices, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
| Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound semiconductor known for its great electron mobility and performance in RF and optoelectronic applications. It is often used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
| Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV use lenses or reflectors to focus sunlight onto highly efficient multi-layer solar cells, greatly enhancing energy conversion efficiency. This approach is suitable for large-scale solar power plants in regions with clear sunlight, offering a economical option for high-demand energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
| Thin-film silicon | Thin-film silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its slim and pliant form factor. It offers a affordable alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in building-integrated photovoltaics and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
| CIGS solar cell | CIGS thin-film solar cell utilize a thin film of copper indium gallium selenide as the photovoltaic material, known for high efficiency and flexibility. They offer a lightweight, cost-effective alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels with reliable operation in diverse climates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
| Thin-film | Thin-film describes a very thin layer of material, often measured in nm or micrometers, used in various technological uses. These layers are important in electronic systems, light manipulation, and coverings for their particular physical and chemical characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
| Rooftop solar PV | Roof-mounted solar PV systems harness solar energy to generate electricity directly on building rooftops, providing a sustainable and economical energy solution. They help decrease use of fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to environmental conservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
| Thin film | A thin film is a sheet of material ranging from tiny nanometric scales to multiple micrometers in dimension, often coated on surfaces for functional purposes. These films are used in diverse fields, including electronic devices, optics, and medical applications, to modify surface characteristics or engineer certain device functions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
| Nanometers | Nano units are units of measurement the same as one-billionth of a meter, commonly used to describe very tiny distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are crucial in fields like nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for determining structures and particles at the nano level. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
| Micrometers | Micrometers are high-precision measuring instruments used to accurately measure tiny gaps or widths, typically in manufacturing and fabrication. They feature a scaled screw mechanism that allows for exact readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
| Silicon wafer | A silicon wafer is a narrow, disk-shaped segment of silicon crystal used as the foundation for constructing semiconductor devices. It functions as the foundational material in the manufacture of integrated circuits and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide-based solar panels are thin-film solar modules recognized for their high efficiency and flexibility, ideal for various uses. They employ a multilayer semiconductor structure that transforms sunlight directly into electrical energy with outstanding efficiency in low-light environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
| Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a kind of silicon used in solar panels, characterized by its several crystal grains that give it a mottled appearance. It is noted for being cost-effective and having a moderately high efficiency in transforming sunlight into power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
| Solar PV systems | Solar power setups convert sunlight directly into electricity using PV cells, providing a green energy source for residential, industrial, and grid applications. They offer a environmentally friendly, sustainable, and cost-effective way to cut down reliance on non-renewable energy sources and decrease carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
| Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
| Dye-sensitized solar cell | A photo-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a light-to-electricity device that transforms sunlight into electricity using a photosensitive dye to take in light and create electron flow. It offers a budget-friendly and adaptable alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for transparent and portable applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
| Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanoscale semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and energy conversion through quantum confinement effects. This technology offers the possibility for cost-effective, flexible, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
| Organic solar cell | Organic PV cells are photovoltaic units that utilize carbon-based compounds, to convert solar radiation into electrical power. They are easy to handle, pliable, and offer the potential for cost-effective, extensive solar energy applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
| CZTS | CZTS Cu) Zinc Tin Sulfide is a potential photovoltaic material used in layer solar panels due to its earth-abundant and harmless elements. Its favorable optoelectronic properties make it an attractive option for green photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
| Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics solar-integrated building systems seamlessly incorporate solar power systems into the design of architectural elements, such as rooftops, facades, and windows. This innovative approach enhances power savings while maintaining visual attractiveness and building integrity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
| Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to pass through a material with minimal distortion, allowing objects behind to be seen clearly. Translucency allows light to spread through, hiding detailed view but still allowing shapes and light to transmit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
| Window tinting | Window tinting involves the process of applying a light film to the interior or exterior of vehicle or building panes to block glare, heat, and ultraviolet rays. It boosts privacy, improves energy efficiency, and gives a stylish aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
| List of photovoltaic power stations | A list of photovoltaic power stations overview various large-scale solar energy installations around the world, highlighting their capacities and sites. These plants serve a important role in sustainable energy generation and global efforts to cut carbon releases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic power stations are large-scale systems that convert sunlight straight into electricity using photovoltaic panels. They play a vital role in renewable energy generation, reducing reliance on fossil fuels, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Environmental issues | Environmental issues encompass a wide range of challenges such as pollution, climatic shifts, and tree clearing that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires joint initiatives to promote sustainable practices and protect biodiverse environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
| Renewable energy | Sustainable power comes from natural sources that are renewably sourced, such as the sun, wind, and hydropower. It offers a eco-friendly solution to fossil fuels, minimizing environmental impact and promoting sustainable energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
| Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as coal, oil, and fossil gas, are limited reserves formed over extensive periods and are consumed when used. They are the main power sources for electrical energy and transportation but pose environmental and long-term viability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
| Electricity generation | Electricity generation involves converting various power sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear energy, and green energy into electrical energy. This process generally happens in electricity plants where turbines and generators work together to produce electricity for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
| Heavy metals | Heavy metals are thick, harmful elements such as Pb, mercury, Cd, and arsenic that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
| Solar-cell efficiency | Solar-cell efficiency assesses how effectively a photovoltaic device generates sunlight into usable power. Enhancing this efficiency is key for maximizing renewable energy generation and decreasing reliance on coal and oil. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
| Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when light shining on a metal ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle nature of light. This event provided key evidence for the development of quantum theory by showing that photon energy is quantized. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
| Accelerated life testing | Enhanced life testing involves exposing products to increased stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and predict their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps find potential failures and boost product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
| Growth of photovoltaics | The increase of solar panels has quickened rapidly over the past decade, driven by technological advancements and cost reductions. This expansion is changing the global energy landscape by boosting the portion of renewable solar power in electricity generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
| Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar relates to large solar power facilities built to generate electricity on a commercial scale, supplying power directly to the grid. These sites typically cover extensive areas and utilize photovoltaic panels or solar heating systems to produce renewable energy cost-effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
| Lens (optics) | A lens is a clear component that bending light to converge or spread out rays, forming images. It is frequently used in equipment like cameras, glasses, and microscopes to control light for better vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
| Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the measure between an incoming light ray and the perpendicular line perpendicular to the surface at the point of contact. It controls how light behaves with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
| Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a delicate film applied to lens surfaces to minimize reflections and enhance light passage. It improves the crispness and luminosity of screens by cutting down on stray reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
| Destructive interference | Canceling interference occurs when a couple of waves meet in a manner that that their amplitude levels negate each other, causing a diminution or full disappearance of the combined wave. This event generally happens when the waveforms are phase-shifted by half a cycle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
| Alternating Current | Alternating current is a type of electrical flow that changes polarity, mainly utilized in power supply systems. The voltage fluctuates sinusoidally as time progresses, enabling cost-effective transfer across extensive ranges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
| Microinverter | A individual inverter is a miniature component used to convert direct current (DC) from a single solar module into AC suitable for home applications. It enhances system performance by optimizing energy production at the panel level and simplifies setup and upkeep. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
| AC power | AC electrical energy, or AC power, is electrical energy delivered through a system where the voltage level and electric current cyclically reverse orientation, enabling optimized transmission over long distances. It is commonly used in households and factories to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
| DC connector | A DC plug is a type of electrical coupling used to supply DC power from a energy source to an electronic equipment. It typically consists of a cylindrical plug and jack that ensure a secure and trustworthy attachment for different electronic purposes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
| Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Labs is a global safety validation body that assesses and endorses products to guarantee they adhere to particular safety norms. It supports consumers and companies identify trustworthy and safe products through strict review and testing methods. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
| Series circuits | Serial circuits are electronic networks in which parts are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current. In this setup, the constant electric current passes through all elements, and the entire voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
| Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electronic circuits where components are connected across the same voltage source, offering multiple paths for current flow. This configuration allows units to operate autonomously, with the total current divided among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
| Diode | A diode acts as a solid-state device that allows current to move in a single way exclusively, functioning as a unidirectional valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electrical networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
| Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An car auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12 volt, created to supply electrical power for various devices and accessories inside of a car. It allows users to charge electronic gadgets or use small appliances when on the journey. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
| USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for connecting peripheral hardware to computers, enabling information exchange and power supply. It backs a variety of hardware such as keypads, pointer devices, external storage devices, and cell phones, with multiple generations providing higher speeds and upgraded features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
| Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency is the measure of the percentage of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell transforms into usable energy. Enhancing this efficiency is essential to optimizing energy generation and making solar power affordable and eco-friendly. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
| National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. DOE federal research facility dedicated to research and development in renewable energy and energy conservation technologies. It focuses on breakthroughs in solar, wind power, biomass energy, and additional renewable sources to promote a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses the entire range of electromagnetic waves, ranging from wireless signals to high-energy photons, featuring diverse wavelengths and energy levels. This band is crucial to numerous technological applications and natural events, allowing communication, healthcare imaging, and insight into the cosmos. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
| Ultraviolet | UV light is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wave length shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X ray radiation, primarily emitted by the solar radiation. It has a key role in processes like vitamin D production but can also lead to skin damage and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
| Infrared | Infrared radiation is a category of electromagnetic wave with longer wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
| Monochromatic | Uniform color refers to a color design based on alterations of a single hue, using various shades, tints, and tones to create harmony and accord. This layout approach emphasizes simplicity and grace by maintaining uniform color elements throughout a composition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
| Irradiance | Radiance refers to the power of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, usually measured in watts per sq meter. It is a crucial parameter in fields such as solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, showing the intensity of sunlight reaching a given area. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
| W/m2 | W/m2 is a measurement unit used to calculate the strength of power or power received or emitted over a defined area, often in disciplines including meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It helps in understanding the spread and transfer of radiation across regions, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
| Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the extent of diverse tones or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or otherwise. It is often used to illustrate the distribution of light or signal frequencies in various scientific and technological areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
| Airmass | An airmass is a large volume of air with fairly uniform thermal and moisture properties, deriving from from certain origin regions. These airmass affect weather systems and sky states as they pass through different areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
| Solar irradiance | Solar irradiance is the quantification of the intensity per square meter received from the Sun in the type of light. It varies with solar phenomena and Earth's atmospheric conditions, impacting climate and meteorological phenomena. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
| Soiling (solar energy) | Dirt buildup in photovoltaic systems refers to the collection of debris, and other particles on the panels of photovoltaic modules, which reduces their performance. Routine maintenance and care are important to reduce energy waste and maintain best operation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
| Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage is the maximum voltage obtainable from a power source when there is no current, measured across its terminals. It shows the potential difference of a device when it is disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
| Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current represents the maximum electrical current that passes through a circuit when a reduced resistance connection, or short circuit, happens, going around the normal load. It poses a considerable safety hazard and can result in damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
| Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a assessment of the peak power output of a solar module under optimal sunlight conditions. It shows the array's peak capacity to create electricity in typical testing environments . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
| Voltmeter | A electrical potential meter is an measuring tool used to measure the voltage between two locations in a electronic circuit. It is frequently utilized in numerous electrical and electronic setups to verify proper electrical potential | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
| Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a issue in PV modules where high voltage stress causes a substantial reduction in power generation and efficiency. It occurs due to leakage currents and ion migration within the solar cell materials, leading to performance decline over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
| Boron | Boron serves as a semi metallic chemical element crucial for plant development and applied in multiple industrial uses, like glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It has unique chemical traits that render it valuable in creating durable, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
| Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring optimal tilt and alignment for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a solid and long-lasting foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
| Solar power plant | A sun-powered power plant harnesses sunlight using large groups of photovoltaic modules to generate renewable electricity. It offers an environmentally friendly energy source, diminishing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
| Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the consolidated practice of using land for both solar energy generation and agriculture, making the most of space and resources. This strategy enhances crop production while concurrently generating renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
| Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar cells are solar panels capable of capturing sunlight on both sides, improving overall energy generation. They are typically mounted in a way that allows for increased efficiency by leveraging albedo reflection and bounced sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
| Solar canopy | A solar-powered canopy is a installation that provides shade while producing electricity through built-in solar panels. It is frequently installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to combine environmental benefits with functional design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
| Solar array | A solar panel system is a assembly of numerous solar modules configured to produce electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in green energy setups to generate environmentally friendly, eco-friendly power for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
| Patio cover | A outdoor cover is a construction that offers shade and shelter from the weather for outdoor living spaces. It enhances the functionality and aesthetic appeal of a patio, making it a pleasant space for rest and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
| Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the measurement between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a heavenly body. It is applied in astronomy and meteorology to describe the position of bodies in the heavens relative to an observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
| Azimuth angle | The azimuth angle is a horizontal angle measured clockwise a reference direction, typically true north, to the line connecting an surveyor to a destination. It is often used in navigation, land measurement, and celestial observation to specify the orientation of an celestial body relative to the observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
| Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Setting up solar panels exposes workers to risks such as fall hazards and electric shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to rough climate and potential bodily injuries pose significant Occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
| Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a semiconductor material widely used in thin film solar panels due to its high efficiency and cost efficiency. It demonstrates superb optical properties, making it a preferred option for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
| List of photovoltaics companies | An directory of photovoltaics companies features the leading manufacturers and suppliers focused on solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions globally. These companies play a crucial role in promoting solar energy integration and innovation across various markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
| Gigawatt | A GW is a measure of energy output equal to one billion watt, used to quantify big energy production and utilization. It is generally associated with generating stations, electricity networks, and significant energy projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
| First Solar | First Solar Inc is a worldwide leader in solar energy solutions, expert in making thin-film solar cells that deliver high efficiency and affordable power generation. The firm is dedicated to sustainable energy development and decreasing the global dependence on fossil fuels through innovative solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
| GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology focuses in seamlessly connecting various components of manufacturing and automation systems to boost performance and trustworthiness. It aims on developing advanced solutions that enable seamless communication and compatibility among various tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
| Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is an top Chinese-based company specializing in the manufacturing and development of photovoltaic photovoltaic products and solutions. Famous for cutting-edge technology and sustainable energy initiatives in the renewable energy sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
| GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of energy equal to one billion W, often used to represent the potential of massively scaled power production or consumption. It emphasizes the huge power extent involved in contemporary energy infrastructure and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
| Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the concept where the cost per unit of production reduces as total output grows, due to gaining knowledge and efficiencies obtained over time. This concept highlights the importance of stored knowledge in cutting expenses and boosting output in manufacturing and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
| Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics turn sunlight immediately into electricity through semiconductor elements, primarily silicon. This technology is a clean, renewable energy source that aids reduce reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
| Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the cost of generating solar or wind energy becomes equivalent to or less than the cost of buying power from the electric grid. Achieving Grid parity means that green energy sources are economically competitive with traditional coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
| Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the standard electrical power supplied to houses and businesses through a network of power lines, offering a consistent source of energy for numerous appliances. It usually operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, based on the nation, and is transmitted through alternating current (AC). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
| Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) refers to all parts of a solar power system except the photovoltaic panels, such as inverters, racking, wiring, and other electrical hardware. It is essential for ensuring the efficient and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
| Solar energy | The sun's power is harnessed from the solar radiation using PV panels to produce electricity or through thermal solar systems to produce heat. It is a renewable, renewable, and environmentally friendly source of power that decreases dependence on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
| Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are commonly employed in home, commercial, and manufacturing settings to create clean, renewable electricity from sunlight. They also drive remote and off-grid locations, offering green energy solutions where traditional power grids are absent. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
| List of solar-powered products | A catalog of solar-powered products features a range of devices that harness sunlight to generate energy, encouraging green and eco-conscious living. These items include covering solar chargers and lights to household devices and outdoor gear, providing flexible options for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
| Photovoltaic power station | A solar energy facility is a facility that generates sunlight immediately into electricity using solar modules. It is a sustainable energy source that helps reduce reliance on non-renewable energy and limits greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
| Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems combine solar panels with additional energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by managing renewable resources and backup options, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
| Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics employ lenses or reflectors to focus sunlight onto high-performance photovoltaic cells, significantly increasing power output from a smaller area. This approach is highly suitable where direct, strong sunlight and provides a viable solution to cut expenses related to solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |
