Solar panel | Photovoltaic module are components that change sunlight into electricity using PV cells. They are an environmentally friendly and sustainable energy source, reducing reliance on carbon-based fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar heat collector is a system that collects sunlight to generate heat, typically used for hot water production or space heating applications. It successfully converts solar energy into thermal energy, reducing reliance on traditional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar thermal energy harnesses solar radiation to generate heat, which can be used for water heating systems, space heating, or power generation. It is a sustainable and renewable technology that reduces fossil fuel consumption and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a picturesque seaside town in the county of West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a delightful blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | England is a historic and historic-influenced nation in the United Kingdom known for its rich cultural heritage, notable attractions, and bustling urban areas like the capital. It boasts a varied terrain of undulating terrain, ancient castles, and lively city hubs that combine history with contemporary advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Sunlight is the natural light emitted by the star, vital for existence on Earth as it provides power for photosynthesis and affects climate and weather patterns. It also contributes to our well-being by synchronizing our circadian rhythms and boosting vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electromagnetic energy is a type of energy generated by the movement of charged particles, primarily negatively charged particles. It drives countless appliances and infrastructures, facilitating modern life and technological progress. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts solar radiation directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a sustainable energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are subatomic particles with a negative electric charge that orbit the nucleus of an atom, important for in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions influence the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | DC is the one-way stream of electric charge, usually produced by batteries, power sources, and solar cells. It provides a steady voltage or current, making it essential for electronic devices and low-voltage applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A battery is a device that accumulates chemical energy and converts it into current to run various electronic gadgets. It comprises several electrochemical units, each containing positive and negative electrodes separated by an electrolyte. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | A solar power system converts sunlight directly into power using solar panels composed of solar cells. It is an green power solution that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and supports sustainable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A photovoltaic inverter is a device that transforms DC generated by solar panels into AC fit for domestic use and utility connection. It is essential for maximizing energy efficiency and ensuring safe, dependable power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that changes direction regularly, generally used in home and industrial power supplies. It permits optimal transmission of electricity over long distances and is marked by its voltage and current waveforms, commonly sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge regulator is a device that controls the voltage and electric current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from overcharging and harm. It ensures efficient energy transfer and prolongs the lifespan of the battery bank. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measurement device is a instrument used to determine the dimension, amount, or level of something accurately. It includes tools like rulers, temperature sensors, and pressure gauges that provide precise readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a system that instantaneously the orientation of solar panels to follow the sun's movement throughout the day, increasing energy absorption. This innovation improves the efficiency of solar power systems by ensuring optimal sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Solar power plants are large-scale installations that capture sunlight to create electricity using many solar panels. They offer a renewable and sustainable energy power, cutting down reliance on non-renewable energy sources and lowering carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves setting up photovoltaic cells on roofs of buildings to produce electricity from sunlight. This green energy source helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-integrated solar power system transforms sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a renewable energy solution. It improves energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to benefit from potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, CH4, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like burning fossil fuels and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar satellite is an spacecraft equipped with photovoltaic panels that collect sunlight and generate power. This electricity is then sent wirelessly to the planet's surface for application as an eco-friendly power supply. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home power storage systems retain excess power generated from renewable sources or the power grid for subsequent consumption, enhancing energy independence and efficiency. These installations typically utilize batteries to provide backup power, lower energy expenses, and aid grid stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The history of photovoltaic cells documents the advancement and improvements in solar energy technology from the initial invention of the solar effect to contemporary high-efficiency photovoltaic modules. It features key innovations, including the invention of the original silicon solar cell in 1954 and continuous innovations that have significantly enhanced energy conversion and cost efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a French physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of the photoelectric effect and luminescent phenomena. His research laid the foundation for comprehending how radiation interacts with specific substances to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a UK electrical engineer and researcher known for finding out the photo-conductive property of selenium in 1873. His work laid the foundation for the creation of the photoconductive cell and progress in initial photography and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | Selenium is an free platform used for automated testing of web browsers, allowing testers to simulate user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and web browsers, making it a versatile tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization of light reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was indeed an US innovator who invented the earliest working selenium solar cell in 1883. His pioneering work established the foundation for the modern photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | An coal-fired power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce steam that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with identifying the solar cell and advancing the understanding of semiconductor. His work formed the basis of modern solar power technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a prestigious R&D organization long-standing associated with AT&T, known for pioneering innovations in communications, computer science, and materials research. It has been the origin of countless groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical with the symbol Si and number 14, widely known for its essential role in the fabrication of electronics and solar cells. It is a hard, fragile crystalline substance with a bluish-gray metallic luster, predominantly employed as a semiconductor in the electronic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A small inverter is a compact unit installed on each solar module to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) at the location. This method enhances system efficiency, allows for enhanced performance monitoring, and boosts energy production in solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar panel is a unit that turns sunlight directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It is frequently used in solar panels to provide a green and eco-friendly energy resource. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system converts over sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that delivers renewable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | An photon acts as a elementary particle which represents a quantum of light as well as other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum and energy without containing rest mass. It plays a key role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, facilitating phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The PV effect is the process by which specific substances turn sunlight immediately into electricity through the creation of electron-hole pairs. This effect is the basic foundation behind photovoltaic technology, allowing the capturing of solar sunlight for power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electrical engineering is a fine slice of semiconductor material, usually silicon, used as the foundation for manufacturing integrated circuits. It functions as the main platform where integrated circuits are built through methods like doping, etching, and coating. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a highly pure form of silicon used mainly in the manufacturing of solar cells and electronic devices due to its excellent semiconductor properties. Its regular, orderly crystal lattice enables effective electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin film solar cells are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their light, pliable configuration, and capacity for large-area manufacturing at a lower cost. They use strata of semiconductor substances only a few micrometers thick to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the constant forces exerted by the mass of building components and fixed equipment, while live loads are movable forces such as users, fixtures, and environmental factors. Both are critical considerations in engineering design to guarantee safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits connect components in a line, so the identical current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits link components between the same voltage source, allowing multiple paths for current. These layouts influence the circuit's total resistance, current spread, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electric power is the velocity at which electricity is conveyed by an electrical network, primarily for running devices and appliances. Created through various sources such as carbon-based fuels, atomic energy, and sustainable sources, and is essential for modern life. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A measure of power is a measure of energy conversion in the metric system, representing the measure of energy movement or transformation. It is equivalent to one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electric potential difference between two points, which pushes the stream of electronic current in a circuit. It is measured in volts and represents the energy per single charge ready to transport electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A voltage is the derived unit of electric potential, potential difference, and EMF in the International System of Units. It measures the voltage per charge unit between points in an electrical network. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electric flow is the movement of electrical charge through a conductor, typically measured in amps. It is essential for energizing electronic equipment and allowing the working of electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Ampere represents the measure of electrical current in the International System of Units, represented by A. It indicates the movement of electrical charge through a circuit over a time span. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load indicates the amount of electrical power or current demanded by devices and electrical load in a circuit. It influences the design and capacity of power systems to ensure reliable and cost-effective energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A junction enclosure is an electrical casing used to securely contain wire connections, providing a main hub for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and secure connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 is a conventional photovoltaic connector used to attach solar panels in a reliable and dependable manner. It features a click-in design with waterproof sealing, guaranteeing durability and optimal electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power delivers a convenient and standardized method of delivering electrical energy to devices through standard ports. It is often used for recharging and feeding a wide range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A power inverter is a unit that changes DC from sources like batteries or solar arrays into alternating current (AC) suitable for household appliances. It permits the use of common electrical appliances in environments where only direct current electricity is accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | An battery pack is an collection of multiple individual batteries created to store and supply electrical energy for various devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar tracking systems automatically regulate the position of photovoltaic panels to track the solar trajectory throughout the day, enhancing solar energy capture. This technology increases the efficiency of photovoltaic energy harvesting by ensuring ideal panel orientation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to enhance the energy production of solar energy systems by constantly tuning the working point to match the maximum power point of the solar cells. This procedure guarantees the highest efficiency power harvesting, especially under changing weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | An power optimizer is a device used in solar energy systems to maximize energy output by individually tailored enhancing the performance of each solar panel. It improves overall system efficiency by cutting down on energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a device that monitors and analyzes the performance of photovoltaic panel systems in live, delivering valuable data on power output and system health. It assists maximize solar energy output by detecting problems ahead of time and ensuring maximum efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Thin-film solar cells are lightweight, multi-purpose photovoltaic devices made by depositing fine layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a cost-effective and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in various portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Photovoltaic cells convert sunlight directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect, making them a sustainable energy source. They are typically used in solar arrays to supply energy to homes, appliances, and entire solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a compound composed of many tiny silicon lattice structures, commonly used in solar panels and semiconductor manufacturing. Its manufacturing process involves fusing and recrystallizing silicon to create a ultra-pure, polycrystalline structure fit for electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Single-crystal silicon is a ultra-pure form of silicon with a continuous lattice structure, making it highly efficient for use in solar panels and electronic devices. Its homogeneous formation allows for enhanced charge movement, resulting in better performance compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics are a category of thin film solar method that offers a cost-effective and effective option for massive solar energy generation. They are recognized for their high absorption performance and moderately affordable manufacturing costs in comparison with traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CuInGaSe2 solar cells are flexible solar devices that employ a layered material of Cu, In, Ga, and selenium to transform sunlight into power effectively. They are recognized for their high absorption efficiency, bendability, and possibility for compact, affordable solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Non-crystalline silicon is a disordered atomic arrangement, making it easier to handle and more straightforward to layer than crystalline silicon. It is commonly used in photovoltaic thin films and electronic systems due to its economic advantage and adaptable features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Next-generation photovoltaic cells aim to outperform traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing state-of-the-art materials and new techniques such as multi-junction stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on optimizing energy conversion, reducing costs, and broadening applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-structured solar panels are advanced photovoltaic modules that utilize multiple p-n junctions layered together to absorb a wider spectrum of the solar spectrum, substantially boosting their efficiency. They are mainly employed in space applications and high-efficiency solar power systems due to their outstanding energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels are essential devices that transform sunlight into electrical energy to operate onboard equipment. They are typically lightweight, durable, and built for efficient operation in the harsh environment of space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are compounds composed of multiple elements, typically involving a metal component and a non-metal, used in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer superior performance in applications such as lasers, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency switching devices compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound-based semiconductor recognized for its high electron mobility and efficiency in RF and optoelectronic applications. It is often used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV use optics or reflectors to concentrate sunlight onto highly efficient multi-band solar cells, substantially improving energy transformation efficiency. This approach is suitable for large-scale solar power plants in regions with sunny sunlight, providing a economical solution for intensive energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Lightweight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its compact and bendable form factor. It offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in building-integrated photovoltaics and mobile energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a thin film of CuInGaSe2 as the light-absorbing layer, known for superior performance and bendability. They offer a easy-to-handle, cost-effective alternative to conventional silicon PV modules with great output in various environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film is a term for a very thin layer of material, often measured in nanometers or μm, used in various technological applications. These layers are important in electronic devices, optical systems, and coatings for their distinctive physical and chemical characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Building-mounted solar PV systems harness the sun's rays to generate electricity directly on rooftops of buildings, providing a sustainable and economical energy solution. They help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to green initiatives. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A thin film is a sheet of material spanning tiny nanometric scales to multiple micrometers in thickness, often placed on surfaces for purposeful functions. These layers are used in diverse fields, including electronic devices, optics, and medicine, to alter surface properties or create specific device functionalities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nanometric units are measurement equal to one-billionth of a meter, frequently used to illustrate minuscule distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are essential in areas such as nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for gauging structures and particles at the nano level. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Micrometers are accurate devices used to precisely measure tiny gaps or depths, generally in manufacturing and manufacturing. They feature a scaled screw system that allows for precise readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon wafer is a slender, circular section of silicon crystal used as the foundation for manufacturing semiconductor devices. It serves as the primary material in the manufacture of microchips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | CIGS photovoltaic cells are thin-film photovoltaic devices known for their excellent performance and adaptability, perfect for diverse applications. They utilize a layered semiconductor structure that transforms sunlight straight into electrical energy with excellent efficiency in low-light conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a kind of silicon used in solar panels, characterized by its several crystal grains that give it a speckled appearance. It is noted for being affordable and having a relatively high efficiency in turning sunlight into energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar PV systems convert solar energy directly into power using photovoltaic cells, providing a green energy source for residential, business, and grid applications. They provide a environmentally friendly, renewable, and economical way to cut down reliance on fossil fuels and decrease carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-activated solar cell (DSSC) is a solar energy device that converts sunlight into electricity using a photosensitive dye to capture light and create electron flow. It offers a affordable and flexible alternative to standard silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for clear and thin applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanosized semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and conversion efficiency through quantum size effects. This technology offers the possibility for cost-effective, bendable, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic PV cells are photovoltaic units that use carbon-based compounds, to convert sun's energy into electric power. They are easy to handle, pliable, and provide more affordable, broad solar power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS (Copper is a potential photovoltaic material used in thin-film solar panels due to its abundant and safe elements. Its superior optoelectronic properties make it an desirable option for green photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics solar-integrated building systems seamlessly incorporate solar power systems into the design of building materials, such as roof surfaces, outer walls, and windows. This modern approach enhances power savings while maintaining visual attractiveness and structural functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to pass through a material with minimal distortion, allowing objects behind to be seen clearly. Translucency allows light to scatter through, obscuring detailed visibility but yet still permitting shapes and light to pass through. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window film installation involves the process of applying a light film to the inside or outside of vehicle or building panes to block glare, heat, and ultraviolet rays. It enhances privacy, improves energy efficiency, and adds a stylish aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A collection of solar power stations details various massive solar energy facilities around the globe, highlighting their capacities and positions. These plants play a crucial role in sustainable energy production and worldwide efforts to lower carbon releases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic energy plants are massive facilities that convert sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels. They are essential in renewable energy generation, reducing reliance on coal and oil, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Environmental challenges encompass a wide range of problems such as waste, climatic shifts, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires joint initiatives to promote green approaches and protect natural ecosystems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Green energy comes from eco-friendly origins that are renewably replenished, such as solar radiation, wind, and hydropower. It offers a sustainable solution to non-renewable energy sources, decreasing environmental impact and enhancing sustainable energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as lignite, crude oil, and methane, are finite resources formed over geological eras and are consumed when used. They are the chief power sources for electricity generation and vehicle operation but pose ecological and environmental and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Electrical energy creation involves converting various energy types such as fossil fuels, nuclear power, and sustainable resources into electrical energy. This process usually takes place in electricity plants where turbines and generators work together to produce power for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are thick, poisonous elements such as lead, quicksilver, cadmium, and arsenic that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Solar-cell efficiency measures how effectively a photovoltaic device generates sunlight into usable electricity. Enhancing this Solar-cell efficiency is key for optimizing renewable energy output and cutting reliance on coal and oil. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when radiation shining on a metal surface ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle nature of light. This event provided key evidence for the development of quantum physics by showing that photon energy is discrete. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Enhanced life testing involves subjecting products to elevated stresses to rapidly assess their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps identify potential failures and improve product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The increase of solar panels has quickened rapidly over the past decade, driven by innovations and decreasing costs. This development is changing the international energy scene by boosting the portion of clean solar power in power production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar refers to large solar power installations intended to generate electricity on a commercial scale, delivering power directly to the grid. These sites typically cover vast areas and utilize PV modules or thermal solar systems to produce renewable energy efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optic is a clear instrument that refracts light to focus or spread out rays, creating images. It is frequently used in instruments like photographic devices, glasses, and microscopes to adjust light for better vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the angle between an approaching light ray and the perpendicular line orthogonal to the surface at the point of contact. It controls how light behaves with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a delicate film applied to optical surfaces to reduce glare and enhance light passage. It enhances the clarity and brightness of lenses by cutting down on stray reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Negative interference occurs when a pair of waves meet in such a way that their amplitudes negate each other, causing a decrease or complete elimination of the resultant wave. This phenomenon typically happens when the waves are phase-shifted by pi radians. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | Alternating current is an electric current that changes polarity, typically used in power supply systems. Its voltage varies sinusoidally over time, enabling effective conveyance over large spans. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A individual inverter is a miniature entity used to change direct current (DC) from a individual solar panel into AC suitable for home applications. It boosts system performance by enhancing energy production at the panel level and eases setup and upkeep. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | AC power, or AC electrical energy, is electricity delivered through a setup where the voltage level and electric current regularly reverse direction, enabling cost-effective transmission over vast spans. It is commonly used in homes and commercial sectors to operate various appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A direct current connector is a kind of electrical connector used to provide direct current (DC) power from a energy source to an electronic equipment. It usually consists of a tube-shaped plug and jack that provide a reliable and dependable connection for different electronic purposes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Labs is a worldwide safety approval organization that tests and approves products to ensure they comply with particular protection standards. It helps consumers and companies find reliable and protected products through rigorous evaluation and examination processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series-connected circuits are electrical circuits in which parts are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current flow. In this configuration, the constant electric current passes through all components, and the entire voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electrical circuits where parts are connected across the same voltage source, offering multiple routes for current flow. This setup allows devices to operate autonomously, with the total current divided among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | An diode acts as a solid-state device that allows current to pass in a single way exclusively, serving as a unidirectional valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electronic networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An car auxiliary power outlet is a socket, typically 12-volt, created to provide electrical power for multiple devices and add-ons inside a automobile. It permits users to charge electronic devices or use small devices when on the move. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for connecting peripheral devices to computers, enabling data transmission and power delivery. It supports a wide range of hardware such as keypads, pointer devices, external storage devices, and smartphones, with different generations offering faster speeds and improved features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency relates to the ratio of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell converts into generated energy. Improving this efficiency is essential to increasing energy generation and making solar power affordable and eco-friendly. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. DOE federal research facility dedicated to research and development in renewable energy and energy conservation technologies. It focuses on developments in solar power, wind power, biomass energy, and additional renewable sources to promote a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses the entire range of electromagnetic waves, extending from radio signals to high-energy photons, all possessing different lengths and energy levels. This spectrum is crucial to many technologies and the natural world, allowing communication, medical imaging, and insight into the outer space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation with a wave length shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X-rays, primarily produced by the sun. It serves a crucial role in such as vitamin D production but can also cause skin harm and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a category of electromagnetic wave with extended wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Uniform color refers to a color design based on shades of a individual hue, using various shades, tints, and tones to create harmony and unity. This design approach emphasizes simplicity and elegance by maintaining consistent color elements throughout a composition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the power of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, usually measured in watts/m². It is a key parameter in fields such as solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, showing the strength of sunlight reaching a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | W/m2 is a measurement unit used to measure the magnitude of power or power received or emitted over a particular surface, commonly in disciplines including meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It assists with understanding the dispersion and movement of power across areas, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the range of different hues or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or alternatively. It is frequently used to depict the spread of light or signal bandwidths in various scientific and technological contexts. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a substantial body of air with relatively even temperature and humidity properties, originating from specific origin regions. These air masses influence weather systems and sky situations as they pass through diverse zones. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Solar irradiance is the quantification of the power per square kilometer received from the solar source in the type of electromagnetic radiation. It fluctuates with solar cycles and Earth's atmospheric conditions, influencing weather patterns and weather patterns. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Soiling in solar power refers to the buildup of dust, and other particles on the exterior of solar panels, which reduces their output. Regular cleaning and servicing are important to limit energy decrease and ensure best efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage obtainable from a power source when there is no current, spanning its terminals. It represents the potential difference of a device when it is disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current is the highest electrical current that flows through a circuit when a short connection, or short circuit, occurs, bypassing the normal load. It presents a major safety hazard and can lead to damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (W_peak) is a assessment of the maximum power capacity of a solar module under perfect sunlight conditions. It reflects the panel's peak ability to create electricity in standard testing environments . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A voltmeter is an electrical instrument used to measure the potential difference between two locations in a circuit. It is frequently utilized in different electrical and electronic fields to ensure proper voltage levels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a occurrence in PV modules where high voltage stress causes a significant reduction in energy production and performance. It occurs due to current leakage and ion transfer within the photovoltaic materials, leading to performance deterioration over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is a semi metallic element essential for plant development and used in multiple industrial applications, like glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It possesses special chemical traits that render it useful in manufacturing durable, heatproof materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring perfect tilt and alignment for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a stable and resilient foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar power plant harnesses sunlight using large collections of photovoltaic modules to produce renewable electricity. It provides an eco-friendly energy source, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the integrated approach of using land for both solar energy generation and farming, optimizing space and resources. This approach improves crop production while concurrently creating renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar panels are solar panels able to absorb sunlight on both sides, enhancing overall energy output. They are commonly positioned in a way that improves effectiveness by taking advantage of albedo effect and bounced sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a structure that provides shelter while producing electricity through embedded solar panels. It is frequently installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to combine environmental benefits with functional design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar array is a group of numerous solar panels arranged to create electricity from sunlight. It is frequently used in renewable energy systems to produce clean, sustainable power for multiple applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A outdoor cover is a construction that delivers shade and cover from the conditions for exterior areas. It improves the usability and look of a patio, making it a cozy area for leisure and gatherings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the angle between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a astronomical body. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to indicate the position of bodies in the sky relative to an onlooker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The compass bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise a reference direction, usually true north, to the line between an observer to a point of interest. It is commonly used in routing, surveying, and astrophysics to indicate the bearing of an celestial body in relation to the observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as fall hazards and electric shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to severe weather and potential muscle strains pose significant workplace risks in solar panel setup. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a electronic material commonly employed in thin film solar cells due to its superior efficiency and cost-effectiveness. It demonstrates excellent optical features, making it a preferred choice for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | A catalog of photovoltaics companies highlights the top manufacturers and suppliers expert in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions worldwide. These companies play a crucial role in advancing solar energy implementation and innovation across different markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A GW is a quantity of electricity equal to a billion W, used to measure big energy output and usage. It is typically associated with electricity stations, electricity networks, and large-scale energy projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar Inc is a global leader in solar PV power solutions, focused on manufacturing thin film solar cells that provide excellent efficiency and affordable power output. The organization is dedicated to sustainable energy development and cutting down the world dependency on fossil fuels through innovative solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology focuses in seamlessly linking various elements of industrial and automation systems to enhance efficiency and dependability. It concentrates on developing advanced solutions that promote smooth communication and interoperability among various tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is a prominent China's corporation focused on manufacturing and innovating solar solar products and solutions. Famous for its advanced technology and green energy projects in the the renewable energy industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of power equal to one billion W, often used to indicate the potential of massively scaled electricity production or usage. It highlights the immense energy scale involved in modern power infrastructure and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the concept where the cost per unit of production decreases as cumulative output increases, due to gaining knowledge and improvements gained over time. This phenomenon highlights the importance of accumulated experience in lowering costs and enhancing efficiency in industrial processes and other processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Photovoltaic systems turn sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductor substances, primarily silicon. This method is a clean, sustainable energy source that assists lessen reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the expense of creating solar or wind energy is equal to or less than the price of purchasing power from the electric grid. Achieving Grid parity indicates that sustainable energy sources are cost-effectively viable with traditional coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the standard electrical power supplied to residences and enterprises through a system of power lines, providing a consistent source of energy for numerous appliances. It generally operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, depending on the region, and is supplied through AC power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) pertains to all components of a solar power system except the photovoltaic panels, such as inverters, racking, wiring, and additional electrical hardware. It is crucial for guaranteeing the effective and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | The sun's power is harnessed from the solar radiation using PV panels to produce electricity or through solar thermal systems to generate heat. It represents a sustainable, eco-friendly, and environmentally friendly power supply that decreases dependence on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are in residential, commercial, and factory sites to create green, sustainable electricity from sunlight. They also power remote and off-grid locations, providing renewable energy solutions where conventional power grids are absent. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A catalog of solar-powered goods features a selection of devices that capture sunlight to generate energy, encouraging eco-friendly and sustainable living. These solutions include everything from solar energy units and lights to household devices and outdoor tools, providing flexible alternatives for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | A solar power plant is a installation that converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. It is a renewable energy source that helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems integrate solar panels with other energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to ensure a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by managing renewable resources and backup options, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and cutting overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV utilize lenses plus reflectors focusing solar radiation on high-performance photovoltaic cells, significantly increasing energy capture from a compact footprint. This method works well where intense, direct sunlight plus, it offers a viable solution to reducing expenses related to solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |