| Solar panel | Solar array are components that transform sunlight into using PV cells. They serve as an environmentally friendly and sustainable energy source, reducing reliance on carbon-based fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
| Solar thermal collector | A solar heat collector is a apparatus that absorbs sunlight to generate heat, generally used for hot water production or space heating applications. It effectively converts solar energy into thermal energy, cutting down on reliance on conventional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
| Solar thermal energy | Solar heat harnesses sunlight to generate warmth, which can be used for water heating systems, indoor heating, or electricity production. It is a renewable and eco-friendly technology that reduces dependence on fossil fuels and lowers carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
| Worthing | Worthing is a scenic seaside town in the county of West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a charming blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
| England | The country of England is a historic country in the UK known for its wealthy cultural legacy, notable attractions, and vibrant urban areas like London. It boasts a varied terrain of gentle slopes, ancient castles, and lively city hubs that combine heritage with contemporary advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
| Sunlight | Sunlight is the environmental illumination emitted by the star, vital for life on Earth as it supplies power for photosynthesis and shapes climate and weather patterns. It also adds to our well-being by synchronizing our circadian rhythms and boosting vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
| Electricity | Electromagnetic energy is a type of power resulting from the movement of charged particles, primarily negatively charged particles. It drives innumerable appliances and infrastructures, supporting contemporary living and technological advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
| Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts sunlight directly into power using solar panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a sustainable energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
| Electrons | Electrons are tiny particles with a reversed electric charge that surround the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions affect the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
| Direct current | Direct current is the single-direction stream of electric charge, usually produced by battteries, power sources, and solar panels. It provides a constant voltage or current, causing it essential for electronic devices and low-voltage applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
| Battery (electricity) | A battery is a instrument that holds chemical energy and changes it into electric power to operate various electronic gadgets. It comprises multiple electrochemical cells, each comprising positive and negative electrodes separated by an ionic solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
| Photovoltaic system | A photovoltaic system converts solar radiation immediately into electricity using solar panels made of semiconductor cells. It is an green energy solution that minimizes reliance on non-renewable energy sources and supports sustainable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
| Solar inverter | A solar power converter is a unit that changes direct current (DC) produced by solar panels into AC appropriate for household use and utility connection. It plays a crucial role in enhancing energy performance and guaranteeing reliable, reliable energy output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
| Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that flips polarity regularly, usually used in residential and commercial power supplies. It allows for effective transmission of electricity over great lengths and is marked by its voltage and current waveforms, commonly sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
| Charge controller | A power management device is a device that regulates the voltage and electric current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from overcharging and harm. It ensures efficient energy transfer and prolongs the lifespan of the battery system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
| Measuring instrument | A measuring instrument is a tool used to determine the dimension, quantity, or degree of something accurately. It includes instruments like rulers, thermometers, and pressure gauges that provide precise readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
| Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a system that instantaneously its orientation of solar panels to monitor the sun's movement during the day, maximizing energy absorption. This technology improves the efficiency of solar power systems by keeping best sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
| Solar farms | Photovoltaic installations are large-scale facilities that harness sunlight to produce electricity using a multitude of solar panels. They supply a sustainable and eco-friendly energy power, decreasing reliance on carbon-based fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
| Rooftop solar power | Solar power from rooftops involves setting up photovoltaic panels on building rooftops to generate electricity from sunlight. This renewable energy source helps minimize reliance on non-renewable fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
| Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-connected photovoltaic system changes sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a eco-friendly energy solution. It boosts energy efficiency and reduces reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to gain potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
| Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, CH4, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like burning fossil fuels and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
| Solar power satellite | A space-based solar power system is an orbiting platform equipped with photovoltaic panels that gather solar radiation and convert it into electricity. This energy is then sent wirelessly to our planet for use as a clean, renewable power source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
| Home energy storage | Home power storage systems save excess electricity generated from renewable sources or the grid for later use, improving energy independence and effectiveness. These systems generally use batteries to deliver backup power, cut down energy costs, and assist grid robustness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
| Timeline of solar cells | The timeline of photovoltaic cells tracks the progress and advancements in solar power tech from the initial invention of the solar effect to contemporary high-efficiency photovoltaic modules. It features major breakthroughs, including the invention of the initial silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and ongoing developments that have greatly improved power transformation and cost efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
| Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a French scientist noted for his pioneering work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and glow. His experiments laid the foundation for comprehending how illumination interacts with certain substances to create electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
| Willoughby Smith | Smith was a British electrician and researcher known for finding out the photoconductivity of Se in 1873. His work formed the basis for the development of the photoconductive cell and advancements in early photographic and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
| Selenium | The Selenium framework is an open-source framework used for automating web browsers, allowing testers to mimic user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and browsers, making it a flexible tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
| William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization of luminescence reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
| Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an American creator who invented the first working selenium solar cell in 1883. His innovative work laid the foundation for the current photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
| Coal-fired power plant | An coal-powered power plant generates electricity by combusting coal to produce steam that powers turbines connected to generators. This process releases considerable amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
| Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with finding the solar cell and advancing the understanding of semiconductor materials. His work laid the foundation for modern solar power technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
| Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a famous innovative organization long-standing associated with AT&T, known for groundbreaking innovations in communications, computer science, and materials research. It has been the birthplace of countless groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
| Silicon | Silicon is a chemical with the symbol Si and atomic number 14, widely known for its essential role in the manufacturing of electronic devices and solar modules. It is a solid, brittle crystalline material with a steel-gray metallic luster, predominantly employed as a electronic component in the electronic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
| Micro-inverter | A micro-inverter is a little component installed on each photovoltaic panel to transform direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) locally. This approach improves system effectiveness, allows for enhanced system tracking, and increases energy production in photovoltaic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
| Solar cell | A photovoltaic cell is a unit that turns sunlight directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It is often used in photovoltaic systems to provide a renewable and sustainable energy resource. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
| PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system transforms sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that offers eco-friendly power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
| Photon | An photon serves as a basic particle representing a packet of light plus other electromagnetic radiation, carrying energy and momentum without having rest mass. It plays a crucial role in the connections between matter and electromagnetic fields, enabling phenomena including reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
| Photovoltaic effect | The photovoltaic effect is the phenomenon by which certain materials convert sunlight straight into electricity through the creation of electron-hole pairs. This effect is the core principle behind solar cell technology, facilitating the capturing of solar energy for energy creation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
| Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electronics is a fine slice of chip material, usually silicon, used as the substrate for fabricating integrated circuits. It serves as the main platform where microchips are built through processes like doping, etching, and coating. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
| Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a extremely pure form of silicon used predominantly in the manufacturing of solar cells and electronic systems due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its organized, neat crystal lattice enables optimal electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
| Thin film solar cell | Thin-film photovoltaic devices are a type of photovoltaic technology characterized by their lightweight, flexible design, and ability to be fabricated over extensive surfaces at a more affordable price. They use layers of semiconductor materials only a few micrometers thick to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
| Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the constant forces exerted by the mass of building components and permanent equipment, while live loads are movable forces such as occupants, furniture, and external influences. Both are important considerations in structural design to maintain safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
| Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits connect components sequentially, so the same current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits link components across the same voltage source, allowing various paths for current. These configurations influence the circuit's overall resistance, current distribution, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
| Electric power | Electrical energy is the speed at which electricity is transferred by an electrical circuit, mainly utilized for powering devices and appliances. Produced through multiple sources such as fossil fuels, nuclear power, and renewable energy, and crucial for today's lifestyle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
| Watt | A measure of power is a measure of energy transfer rate in the International System of Units, representing the rate of energy flow or transformation. It is equivalent to one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
| Voltage | Voltage is the electric potential difference between two points, which drives the flow of electric current in a circuit. It is measured in V and indicates the work per single charge ready to shift electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
| Volt | A volt is the standard unit of voltage, voltage difference, and EMF in the metric system. It measures the voltage per charge unit between locations in an electrical network. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
| Electric current | Electric flow is the movement of electric charge through a metal wire, typically measured in amperes. It is necessary for powering electronic devices and facilitating the functioning of electronic circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
| Ampere | Amp represents the unit of electrical current in the SI units, represented by A. It quantifies the flow of electrical charge through a conductor over a time span. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
| Electrical load | Electrical load is the term for the level of electrical power or current demanded by devices and Electrical load in a circuit. It affects the configuration and power of power systems to ensure safe and efficient energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
| Junction box | A junction box is an electrical casing used to safely house wire connections, providing a central point for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures organized and reliable connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
| MC4 connector | The MC4 is a standardized photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a safe and dependable manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, ensuring durability and optimal electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
| USB power | USB power provides a easy and uniform method of delivering electrical energy to devices through universal ports. It is frequently used for charging and supplying a wide range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
| Power inverter | A power inverter is a device that transforms direct current (DC) from sources like batteries or solar arrays into alternating current (AC) suitable for domestic gadgets. It enables the use of standard electrical devices in locations where only DC power is available. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
| Battery pack | An battery pack serves as an collection of numerous individual batteries created to store and supply electrical energy for various devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
| Solar tracking | Sun tracking devices automatically adjust the position of solar panels to monitor the sun’s path throughout the daytime, enhancing power intake. This technology improves the effectiveness of solar power gathering by ensuring ideal solar array alignment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
| Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a method used to optimize the power output of photovoltaic systems by continuously adjusting the working point to match the peak power point of the solar panels. This process ensures the most efficient energy harvesting, especially under changing weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
| Power optimizer | An power optimizer functions as a device used in solar energy systems to maximize energy output by individually improving the performance of each solar panel. It increases overall system efficiency by reducing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
| Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a instrument that tracks and evaluates the performance of solar panel systems in live, offering useful data on power output and system health. It aids enhance solar power output by detecting issues early and guaranteeing highest performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
| Thin-film solar cell | Thin-film solar cells are lightweight, adaptable photovoltaic devices made by depositing thin layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a cost-effective and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in various portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
| Solar cells | Solar cells convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the solar energy conversion process, making them a eco-friendly energy source. They are commonly used in solar arrays to power homes, appliances, and entire solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
| Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a material composed of countless small silicon lattice structures, typically used in photovoltaic panels and chip fabrication. Its manufacturing process involves fusing and reforming silicon to create a pure, polycrystalline structure appropriate for electronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
| Monocrystalline silicon | Mono silicon is a ultra-pure form of silicon with a uniform lattice framework, making it highly efficient for use in photovoltaic modules and electronic devices. Its consistent framework allows for better charge movement, resulting in higher functionality compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
| Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics represent a type of thin-film solar technology that provides a cost-effective and effective solution for large-scale solar energy harvesting. They are recognized for their excellent absorption performance and comparatively low manufacturing expenses compared to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic devices are thin-film solar devices that employ a layered compound of copper, In, gallium, and selenium to turn sunlight into power efficiently. They are noted for their excellent light capturing performance, bendability, and capability for lightweight, cost-effective solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
| Amorphous silicon | Amorphous form of silicon is a amorphous atomic arrangement, making it easier to handle and simpler to apply than crystalline silicon. It is frequently used in solar panels and electronic components due to its affordability and versatile characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
| Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Next-generation photovoltaic modules aim to outperform traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing state-of-the-art materials and innovative techniques such as stacked stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on optimizing energy conversion, lowering costs, and increasing applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
| Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-structured solar cells are innovative photovoltaic modules that utilize various p-n connections arranged in tandem to collect a wider range of the solar spectrum, substantially boosting their efficiency. They are mainly employed in space satellites and high-efficiency solar power systems due to their excellent energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
| Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar arrays are essential devices that convert solar radiation into electric power to power onboard instrumentation. Generally lightweight, long-lasting, and crafted to function effectively in the harsh environment of space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
| Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are compounds composed of two or more elements, typically involving a metallic element and a non-metallic component, used in high-frequency electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer better performance in applications such as laser devices, light-emitting diodes, and high-speed transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
| Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound-based semiconductor famous for its high electron mobility and efficiency in RF and optoelectronic applications. It is commonly used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
| Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV employ focusing elements or reflectors to direct sunlight onto very efficient multi-junction solar cells, substantially improving energy conversion efficiency. This technology is perfect for massive solar power plants in regions with direct sunlight, offering a economical solution for high-demand energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
| Thin-film silicon | Flexible silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its compact and pliant form factor. It offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in BIPV and portable energy devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
| CIGS solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic cell utilize a ultra-thin layer of copper indium gallium selenide as the light-absorbing layer, known for high efficiency and bendability. They offer a easy-to-handle, budget-friendly alternative to standard silicon solar arrays with excellent performance in various environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
| Thin-film | Thin-film is a term for a very thin layer of material, often measured in nanometers or micrometers, used in multiple technological fields. These coatings are essential in electronics, light manipulation, and films for their distinctive physical and chemical properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
| Rooftop solar PV | Rooftop solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on building rooftops, providing a renewable and economical energy solution. They help cut down dependence on fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to green initiatives. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
| Thin film | A coating is a sheet of material covering a few nanometers to a few microns in dimension, often placed on surfaces for purposeful functions. These layers are used in diverse fields, including electronics industry, light manipulation, and medicine, to change surface traits or engineer certain device functions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
| Nanometers | Nanometric units are measurement the same as one-billionth of a meter, commonly used to describe very tiny distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are essential in fields like nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for measuring structures and particles at the nano dimension. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
| Micrometers | Micrometers are precision gauges used to precisely measure tiny gaps or widths, generally in manufacturing and fabrication. They feature a adjusted screw system that allows for exact readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
| Silicon wafer | A silicon slice is a narrow, ring-shaped segment of silicon crystal used as the base for manufacturing semiconductor devices. It serves as the core material in the fabrication of integrated circuits and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide-based solar panels are compact photovoltaic devices recognized for their excellent performance and flexibility, making them suitable for various uses. They employ a layered layered semiconductor setup that transforms sunlight straight into power with excellent efficiency in low-light settings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
| Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon silicon is a type of silicon used in solar cells, characterized by its multiple crystal grains that give it a grainy appearance. It is known for being economical and having a relatively high efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
| Solar PV systems | Solar power setups convert sun rays directly into energy using PV cells, supplying a sustainable energy source for household, business, and large-scale applications. They provide a environmentally friendly, sustainable, and economical way to reduce reliance on non-renewable energy sources and lower CO2 emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
| Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
| Dye-sensitized solar cell | A photo-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a light-to-electricity device that turns sunlight into electrical energy using a light-sensitive dye to take in light and produce electron flow. It offers a cost-effective and adaptable alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells, with potential for transparent and portable applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
| Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanosized semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and conversion efficiency through quantum confinement effects. This approach offers the potential for cost-effective, bendable, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
| Organic solar cell | Organic solar cells are photoelectric devices that use carbon-based compounds, to turn sun's energy into electricity. They are lightweight, pliable, and provide lower-cost, broad solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
| CZTS | CZTS Cu) Zinc Tin Sulfide is a potential photovoltaic compound used in layer solar modules due to its earth-abundant and harmless elements. Its excellent photo-electronic properties make it an attractive substitute for eco-friendly photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
| Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics solar-integrated building systems seamlessly incorporate solar power systems into the design of architectural elements, such as roofing, facades, and glazing. This modern approach enhances energy efficiency while maintaining design elegance and building integrity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
| Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to penetrate a material bearing minimal distortion, rendering objects behind easily seen. Translucency allows light to spread through, hiding detailed view but yet still permitting shapes and light to penetrate. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
| Window tinting | Window film installation involves placing a thin film to the inside or outside of vehicle or building windows to block glare, heat, and ultraviolet rays. It improves privacy, increases energy efficiency, and adds a modern aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
| List of photovoltaic power stations | A catalog of PV power stations details various extensive solar energy installations around the planet, demonstrating their power and positions. These facilities play a important role in green energy generation and international efforts to cut carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic power stations are large-scale installations that transform sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. They are crucial in sustainable power creation, reducing reliance on fossil fuels, and cutting emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Environmental issues | Environmental issues encompass a wide range of issues such as contamination, global warming, and forest loss that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collective efforts to promote eco-friendly methods and protect biodiverse environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
| Renewable energy | Renewable energy comes from natural sources that are renewably sourced, such as sunlight, wind, and water. It offers a sustainable solution to traditional fuels, decreasing ecological footprint and supporting lasting energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
| Non-renewable energy | Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, are finite resources formed over millions of years and are exhausted when used. They are the chief power sources for electrical energy and vehicle operation but pose ecological and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
| Electricity generation | Power production involves converting various energy sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear power, and renewable resources into electricity. This process typically occurs in power stations where turbines and generators work together to produce electric current for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
| Heavy metals | Heavy metals are thick, harmful elements such as Pb, Hg, Cd, and arsenide that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
| Solar-cell efficiency | Photovoltaic performance assesses how well a photovoltaic device generates sunlight into convertible power. Enhancing this efficiency is crucial for optimizing renewable energy output and cutting reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
| Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when light shining on a metal ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle-like behavior of light. This occurrence provided significant indication for the development of quantum theory by showing that light energy is discrete. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
| Accelerated life testing | Rapid life testing involves subjecting products to elevated stresses to rapidly assess their durability and predict their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps detect potential failures and improve product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
| Growth of photovoltaics | The increase of solar energy systems has quickened rapidly over the past ten-year period, driven by technological advancements and reducing prices. This growth is transforming the global energy landscape by boosting the share of clean solar power in electricity generation processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
| Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar refers to large solar power facilities intended to generate electricity on a commercial scale, providing power directly to the grid. These sites typically cover large areas and utilize PV modules or solar heating systems to produce renewable energy effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
| Lens (optics) | A optic is a transparent component that bending light to bring together or separate rays, producing images. It is frequently used in instruments like camera units, glasses, and microscopes to manipulate light for improved vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
| Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the measure between an approaching light ray and the perpendicular line perpendicular to the surface at the contact point. It determines how light behaves with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
| Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a coating applied to optical surfaces to reduce glare and increase light flow. It improves the crispness and illumination of screens by minimizing unwanted reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
| Destructive interference | Destructive interference occurs when a couple of waves meet in such a way that their amplitude levels cancel each other out, causing a reduction or total eradication of the resultant waveform. This phenomenon generally happens when the waves are phase-shifted by pi radians. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
| Alternating Current | AC is a type of electrical flow that alternates direction, mainly utilized in power supply systems. The voltage fluctuates sinusoidally as time progresses, allowing effective conveyance across extensive ranges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
| Microinverter | A compact inverter is a miniature device used to change direct current (DC) from a individual solar module into AC suitable for domestic use. It boosts system performance by optimizing energy production at the module level and eases installation and upkeep. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
| AC power | AC power, or alternating current power, is electricity delivered through a setup where the voltage level and electric flow regularly reverse polarity, enabling cost-effective transmission over long distances. It is frequently used in homes and factories to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
| DC connector | A DC plug is a kind of electrical plug used to supply direct current (DC) power from a power source to an electronic device. It generally consists of a tube-shaped plug and socket that provide a secure and consistent link for various electronic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
| Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Laboratories is a international safety certification agency that assesses and certifies products to confirm they adhere to particular safety standards. It helps consumers and companies recognize dependable and secure products through strict review and analysis methods. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
| Series circuits | Serial circuits are electrical circuits in which parts are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current. In this configuration, the identical current passes through all elements, and the entire voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
| Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electrical circuits where elements are connected between the same voltage source, providing multiple channels for current flow. This arrangement allows devices to operate independently, with the total current distributed among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
| Diode | An diode serves as a solid-state device that allows current to flow in one way exclusively, acting as a one-way valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electronic networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
| Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An automobile auxiliary power outlet is a connection, typically 12 volt, intended to deliver electrical power for multiple devices and add-ons inside of a vehicle. It permits users to charge electronic gadgets or operate small electronics when on the move. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
| USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a protocol for connecting peripherals to computing systems, allowing data transmission and electric power. It accommodates a wide range of hardware such as keyboards, pointer devices, external storage, and smartphones, with various revisions providing increased speeds and upgraded functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
| Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency is the measure of the ratio of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into usable energy. Enhancing this efficiency plays a key role in optimizing energy production and making solar power more cost-effective and sustainable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
| National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. Department of Energy federal research facility dedicated to research and development in green energy and energy conservation technologies. It focuses on developments in solar power, wind power, biomass energy, and additional renewable sources to promote a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses the entire range of electromagnetic waves, ranging from radio waves to gamma radiation, each with diverse lengths and energies. This spectrum is crucial to many technologies and natural phenomena, enabling communication, medical imaging, and insight into the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
| Ultraviolet | UV light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation with a wave length shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X-rays, primarily generated by the sun. It has a crucial role in processes like vitamin D synthesis but can also lead to skin injury and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
| Infrared | Infrared radiation is a form of electromagnetic wave with greater wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
| Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color design based on alterations of a individual hue, using various shades, tints, and tones to create balance and accord. This layout approach emphasizes clarity and elegance by maintaining consistent color elements throughout a composition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
| Irradiance | Radiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, typically measured in watts per sq meter. It is a crucial parameter in disciplines including solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, indicating the intensity of sunlight reaching a specific surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
| W/m2 | W/m2 is a measurement unit used to quantify the intensity of power or energy flow received or emitted over a particular area, frequently in fields like meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It helps in grasping the distribution and conveyance of radiation across areas, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
| Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the extent of different tones or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or otherwise. It is often used to depict the spread of light or signal frequencies in different scientific and technological areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
| Airmass | An air mass is a large mass of air's with comparatively uniform temp and humidity characteristics, coming from from particular origin zones. These air masses affect climate trends and sky situations as they move across various areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
| Solar irradiance | Solar power is the quantification of the energy per square meter received from the solar source in the form of electromagnetic radiation. It changes with solar cycles and Earth's atmospheric conditions, influencing weather patterns and meteorological phenomena. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
| Soiling (solar energy) | Soiling in photovoltaic systems refers to the accumulation of dirt, and foreign matter on the exterior of solar panels, which decreases their performance. Routine maintenance and servicing are essential to reduce energy loss and guarantee best efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
| Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage is the maximum voltage obtainable from a power source when current flow is absent, taken across its terminals. It indicates the potential difference of a device when it has been disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
| Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current is the peak electrical current that travels through a circuit when a reduced resistance connection, or short circuit, takes place, going around the normal load. It presents a considerable safety hazard and can result in damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
| Watt-peak | Watt-peak (W_peak) is a assessment of the highest power output of a solar array under ideal sunlight conditions. It indicates the panel's peak potential to generate electricity in typical testing setups . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
| Voltmeter | A Volt meter is an measuring tool used to measure the electrical potential between separate points in a electronic circuit. It is commonly used in different electrical and electronic fields to maintain proper electrical potential | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
| Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a issue in solar modules where high voltage stress causes a significant reduction in energy production and efficiency. It occurs due to leakage currents and ion migration within the solar cell materials, leading to performance deterioration over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
| Boron | Boron is considered a semi metallic chemical element necessary for plant development and used in different industrial applications, like glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It has distinctive chemical properties that render it useful in producing durable, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
| Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring ideal tilt and alignment for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand external conditions while providing a solid and resilient foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
| Solar power plant | A sun-powered power plant collects sunlight using vast arrays of photovoltaic panels to produce renewable electricity. It supplies an green energy source, diminishing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
| Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the integrated practice of utilizing land for both solar power production and farming, maximizing space and resources. This strategy enhances crop production while at the same time producing renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
| Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar panels are solar energy devices able to absorb sunlight on both sides, improving overall energy output. They are usually installed in a way that improves effectiveness by taking advantage of albedo mirroring and reflected sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
| Solar canopy | A solar-powered canopy is a framework that provides shelter while creating electricity through integrated solar panels. It is frequently installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to blend environmental benefits with useful design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
| Solar array | A solar array is a collection of multiple solar panels designed to generate electricity from sunlight. It is often used in green energy setups to produce environmentally friendly, eco-friendly power for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
| Patio cover | A outdoor cover is a framework that delivers shade and cover from the weather for outdoor living spaces. It improves the practicality and visual charm of a courtyard, making it a pleasant zone for rest and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
| Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the measurement between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a astronomical body. It is employed in astronomy and meteorology to describe the position of objects in the sky relative to an spectator. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
| Azimuth angle | The horizontal bearing is a azimuth measured clockwise from a reference direction, usually true north, to the line connecting an surveyor to a target object. It is frequently used in wayfinding, surveying, and celestial observation to define the orientation of an object relative to the observer's position. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
| Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Setting up solar panels exposes workers to risks such as height falls and electrical shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to harsh weather conditions and potential bodily injuries pose significant workplace risks in solar panel setup. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
| Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a electronic material commonly employed in thin-film solar panels due to its excellent performance and cost efficiency. It demonstrates excellent optical properties, making it a popular option for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
| List of photovoltaics companies | A catalog of photovoltaics companies highlights the leading manufacturers and suppliers specializing in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions across the globe. These companies are key in driving solar energy adoption and innovation across multiple markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
| Gigawatt | A GW is a quantity of electricity equal to 1,000,000,000 watts, used to measure massive energy generation and usage. It is typically associated with generating stations, national grids, and significant energy initiatives worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
| First Solar | The company First Solar is a international leader in solar energy solutions, specializing in making thin film solar modules that offer high efficiency and economical energy production. The company is committed to sustainable renewable energy advancement and cutting down the world's reliance on fossil fuels through innovative solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
| GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology expertise in effortlessly linking various components of manufacturing and automated systems to enhance efficiency and dependability. It focuses on creating cutting-edge solutions that facilitate smooth communication and interoperability among diverse tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
| Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic stands as a leading China's firm specializing in the manufacturing and development of solar solar goods and services. Renowned for state-of-the-art tech and eco-friendly energy programs in the renewable energy sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
| GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of power equal to one billion watts, often utilized to indicate the ability of large-scale power generation or consumption. It highlights the huge energy extent involved in contemporary energy framework and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
| Experience curve effects | Knowledge curve effects refer to the effect where the unit cost drops as total output rises, due to learning curve and improvements achieved over time. This concept highlights the importance of accumulated experience in reducing costs and enhancing efficiency in industrial processes and other processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
| Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics transform sunlight straight into electricity using semiconductor elements, primarily silicon. This method is a environmentally friendly, sustainable energy source that assists lessen reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
| Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the cost of creating solar or wind energy is equal to or less than the price of buying power from the electric grid. Achieving Grid parity indicates that green energy technologies are cost-effectively comparable with conventional coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
| Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the primary electrical power supplied to homes and companies through a network of power lines, providing a consistent source of energy for various appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, based on the region, and is delivered through AC power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
| Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) includes all parts of a solar power system apart from the photovoltaic panels, including inverters, racking, wiring, and supplementary electrical hardware. It is vital for securing the effective and dependable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
| Solar energy | The sun's power is absorbed from the sun's rays using PV panels to convert electricity or through solar thermal systems to produce heat. It represents a sustainable, sustainable, and eco-conscious power supply that limits the use of fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
| Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are commonly employed in residential, business, and factory sites to generate renewable, sustainable electricity from sunlight. They also power remote and off-grid locations, providing green energy solutions where standard power grids are unavailable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
| List of solar-powered products | A list of sun-powered items features a selection of devices that capture sunlight to convert energy, encouraging eco-friendly and renewable living. These items include everything from solar chargers and lights to home equipment and outdoor tools, providing multi-purpose alternatives for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
| Photovoltaic power station | A photovoltaic power station is a plant that converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar modules. It is a green energy source that helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
| Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems combine solar panels with additional energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to provide a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by allocating renewable resources and backup options, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
| Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics utilize optical lenses or reflectors to focus solar radiation onto high-performance solar cells, significantly boosting energy capture using a smaller area. This technology works well in areas with direct, strong sunlight and offers a viable solution to lowering solar power costs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |
